1. leap是什么意思
leap的意思是跳跃。
读音：英［liːp]，美［liːp]。
释义：
v.跳，跳跃；急速移动，猛冲；突然做（某事）；剧增，猛涨；（车辆）突然移动。
n.飞跃；跳跃，跳高；骤变；剧增；（用于地名）跃过或起跳处。
变形：过去式leaped或leapt，过去分词leaped或leapt，现在分词leaping，第三人称单数leaps，复数leaps。
短语：
by leaps and bounds adv.飞跃地，突飞猛进地。
leap forward跃进；向前跳；快速发展。
leap year闰年。
with a leap (收入等）猛增。
leap的例句
1、His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.
他看见她时，心猛地一跳。
2、The suspect took a leap out of a third-storey window.
那个犯罪嫌疑人从三楼的窗口跳了出去。
3、She took a flying leap and landed on the other side of the stream.
她一个飞跃跳到小溪的对面。
4、This made her leap to the floor.
这使她跳到地板上。
5、The boy cleared the fence in one leap.
男孩一跃跳过了篱笆。
6、With one leap, he perched himself there.
他纵身一跳，坐到了那上面。
2. 急求毕业论文的外文翻译文献
The timing of the reform with clubs and countermeasures
Abstract: since the 2003 in China since the reform of rural credit cooperatives, and implementation of various business has achieved great development in China, as in hainan province, the reform has already caused when reform social attention. The author analyzed in hainan financial ecological environment change background, promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan favorable conditions and needs to solve problems, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures.
Keywords: the reform of rural credit cooperatives, and measures
China's rural credit cooperatives reform since 2003, the pilot since the implementation of business development by leaps and bounds, and made great achievements in China, and hainan provinces last for reform of rural credit cooperatives, when entering the substantive reform, has aroused wide attention of the society. The author believes that in the hainan financial ecological environment upheaval circumstance, seized an opportunity to promote hainan province, it is urgent to reform of rural credit cooperatives.
Now, a push the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan favorable conditions
1 the other provinces rural credit cooperatives reform can provide demonstration effect of hainan province. China has 29 provinces implemented the reform of management system of rural credit cooperatives, the figures show that the reform has made some progress. By the end of 2005, the total assets of financial institutions in rural cooperative 37206 billion yuan, one for each loan balances 22008 million yuan at the end of 2002, more than 8070 billion yuan, increasing growth 57.9%. Total liabilities 35553 billion yuan, including the balance 32626 billion yuan (the total financial institutions at the end of 2002), more than 10.8 percent increase 12751 64.2 billion yuan, up. At present, China's rural credit cooperatives has become the first four deposit breakthrough 30,000 billion yuan of financial institutions, the owner's equity has reached billion yuan, the end of 2002 add 1927 billion yuan. More than two years of reform of rural credit cooperatives over 10 consecutive years of losses, to raise capital adequacy ratio of 8%. [1], apparently, in other cities and provinces rural credit cooperatives reform can promote reform of rural credit cooperatives for hainan provide successful experience, such as reforms, increase endowment spread, digestive historical burden, the start-up capital, institutional setup and team building, coordinating the relationship problems can be using the experience of the reforms and brother provinces.
2 new socialist countryside construction to hainan for rural credit cooperatives reform brings opportunities. Construction of new socialist countryside is a major decision, it will make the implementation of rural areas of hainan reproction, great changes. Agricultural intensification and commercialization of hainan province with the increase of agricultural structure adjustment, and raise the level of farmers' income, the rural financial resources will be further expanded. Therefore, the province of rural credit cooperatives, mp only as managing mechanism and perfect, can get used to accelerate the reform of socialist new rural construction, the need to better perform its functions.
3 the reform of rural credit cooperatives in hainan province has certain basis. In September of 2005, hainan's rural credit cooperatives reform officially approved by the state council on pilot provinces, though not enter the stage of reform, but with substantial operation of rural credit cooperatives reform of rural credit cooperatives, hainan province has achieved a preliminary results. Deadline of September 2006, the balance of rural credit cooperatives, 93 million yuan, nearly three years deposits increased 32 million yuan, 52% increase. In loans and record of September, 2006, the loan balances 51 billion yuan, nearly three years accumulative total issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" loan 40 billion yuan. Rural credit environment construction is the key step by step, and the end of September 2006, rural credit cooperatives altogether create credit village 89, the letter, user 3.3 support a large number of agricultural market, effectively help the increase in farmers' income. [2] in hainan province in recent years, rural credit cooperatives are in bad still-decent decreased year, internal system and mechanism and construction team, staff in the intense desire for reform. Above all, public confidence of rural credit cooperatives in hainan province is restored, rural credit cooperatives reform for the internal and external conditions ripe.
4. The state council on the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan preferential policies. Support the reform of rural credit cooperatives basically has two kinds: one kind is the central bank refinancing, another kind is central bank bills. Special Since hainan has suffered a real estate bubble economy of hainan province, the reform of rural credit cooperatives of fund gives good policy reform in hainan province, after can obtain special central bank bills 20 billion yuan of above, to digest historical burden ratings at least 50% above. Therefore, the reform of rural credit cooperatives promote hainan as soon as possible, with the central bank money "blood" support, can melt of hainan province rural credit cooperatives, heavy baggage "blood-refreshing" function, and realize the sustainable development.
Hainan government entities at all levels may have the vigorously support and the greater business space. Hainan province of rural credit cooperatives, after the government management instry will further to arouse the enthusiasm of hainan province, the governments of rural credit cooperatives will further increase the survival and development space. It mainly because: one is the government, enterprises and units will cancel the account deposit in rural credit cooperatives, and arrangement of agriculture in the rural credit cooperatives puts, settlement, Second is the local governments will help a great blow over the non-performing loans, enforcement actions, such as a great party cadres in 2005 the arrears has achieved significant results, Three is preferential access to government priority project quality related rights, Four is the strategic adjustment of state-owned commercial Banks, rural credit cooperatives business expansion. Since 2001, four state-owned commercial Banks from hainan province in under county and district, merging, taking outlets for examination and approval of hainan province, the loan market, rural credit cooperatives rapidly occupation consolidate customer group, enhance competitiveness, provides a more vast development space.
6 hainan financial ecological environment changed greatly. After eight years of efforts, hainan has become relatively high from providing financial stability of financial safety. Since 2005, hainan finance the development situation, main show is: the total financial assets steadily, and constantly improve the quality of financial institutions, improve operation efficiency, financial potential risks are constantly to dissolve, financial factors of instability has got out. All of this province rural credit cooperatives reform to create a favorable external environment.
To sum up, the reform of rural credit cooperatives and hainan has matured, the reform of condition of the obstacle has ceased to exist, it is facing history never had the opportunity of development, therefore, must be from politics to promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province, rural credit cooperatives really be radiant energy.
Second, promote hainan province rural credit cooperatives reform needs to solve the problems
1 good solution to hainan for rural credit cooperatives market orientation. To maintain the sustainable development of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province, must solve the problem of rural credit cooperatives, according to the market situation of hainan province ", "" NongQing" and "society", insist on multiple management policy, give full play to the advantages of services, innovative financial procts and services, and continuously looking for new benefit growth. One is based on agriculture, rural, face ", 2 in the city's insistence foothold community, become small and medium-sized enterprises, indivial and instrial and commercial door for urban residents and analyzes the retail banking.
2 needs good provincial association leadership, problem management responsibilities clear. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives new management system for the provincial association, municipal (county), the credit cooperatives association, three-level management etc. Established before the corporate governance structure, how to choose good executives, with good leadership, management, and thus formed unity accrual ty, coordinated operation, effectively balance and behaviour of the rural credit cooperatives operating mechanism is a worthy of attention and explore the problem to solve. One is the principle of integrity and provincial association with good leadership. Because a good team can make an enterprise back, a incompetent team can take an enterprise to the edge of bankruptcy. So whether equipped with good leadership is hainan provincial association of rural credit cooperatives reform key to success. Two is to perform better management of provincial association, guidance, coordination and service functions, what and how to manage? How to manage grassroots cooperatives and good service, not interfere in its normal business operation, neither over-rides again not vacancy. Three new management system is established, the provincial association management, municipal (county) association, the credit management, how to manage, is concive to the construction of internal control system of rural credit cooperatives, to raise the level of management of rural credit cooperatives, be helpful for the healthy development of rural credit cooperatives.
3 to further strengthen the talented person troop construction. Talent team involves the sustainable and healthy development of rural credit cooperatives of long-term goals. For top executives high-quality and professional personnel of high level and high quality requirements are operating personnel dispatched constantly adapt to the new situation development, strengthening the market competition ability, is the objective need support for rural credit cooperatives, and the future development of key must cause enough attention. Currently, rural credit cooperatives talent shortage of hainan province should establish effective incentive mechanism through downsizing, efficient, and according to the principle of scientific, reasonable and concise, disperse surplus employees and high-quality talents, constantly optimize the structure of system, using a standardized and institutionalized and marketization reform, the development situation of need.
4 to further increase the hainan credit system construction. Further credit construction, increasing credit publicity through various channels, enhance the consciousness of credit and risk awareness, To establish and perfect the system of credit and disciplinary and continue to develop selection in rural and urban areas in the village, credit and credit cooperatives, residents of letter user activities in hainan credit construction, ensure new lending benign circulation.
5. There is a need to further improve the rural credit cooperatives financial service level. One is to increase the credit support. As the rural financial force, rural credit cooperatives should expanding services, enhance the service functions, in the service of traditional "SAN nong" of economic development in agriculture, increasing the agriculture leading enterprise of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the base of support, Two is to adjust the network layout, unity, convenient customer access network identifier, set up the good image, Three is to accelerate the construction of electronic payment, pay a change, service means such problems as old as soon as possible, "family", with the principal of commercial Banks, extended its service network service platform.
Third, accelerate the reform of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province to the main idea
How to promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan? This is the need of hainan province, according to the study of rural credit cooperatives, the other provinces, the author thinks that the experience of the reforms, promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives to hainan take the following measures.
1 a good platform to "take". Build hainan province is the current mode couplet, e to the provincial association, the minimum threshold model in most provinces of implementing this model. This model is the "triple management", "the second business", can good performance of the transferred ring the reform of credit management, guidance, coordination and service, can achieve this area of rural credit cooperatives, self-regulating administration for rural credit cooperatives in hainan new stock cooperative Banks create favorable conditions.
2 the rural credit cooperatives should increase endowment spread as important work. Increase endowment spread the amount of presentation is the key of special central bank bills. In order to do the work, must increase endowment spread by introcing strategic investors. One is the introction of foreign strategic investors, attention, the Netherlands bank of Australia has successively into our bank, the bank of tianjin municipal rural commercial bank of rural credit cooperatives, zhejiang province, rural credit cooperatives will be focused on the shares. Two is to introce large agricultural province of hainan rubber group company, such as group, etc. 3 it is to want to notice, encourage rural farmers by absorbing the non-public enterprises, establish a diversified ownership of shares.
3 must intensify the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan propaganda. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives, will start in the society of great introction. Due to the negative influence of issuing closed, a considerable part of rural credit cooperatives and former clients in conceptual urban credit cooperatives and rural credit cooperatives, understanding fuzzy set distribution outlets, identification and electronic remote behind, staff construction etc, the aging of rural credit cooperatives public image is affected significantly. Therefore, the reform of rural credit cooperatives should work as a propaganda to grasp. By the provincial party committee propaganda department, can consider to WaiXuanBan provincial government financial services office, haikou, hainan branch center pedestrian CBRC), the provincial association of cfna made such propaganda office, unified organization and planning. Through the propaganda, enhance rural credit cooperatives in hainan for the influence on the society, social from all walks of life to hainan for rural credit cooperatives reform of support.
4 to improve quality of credit assets of hainan province rural credit cooperatives. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives, e to start business and increase the capital, enlarging the scale of capital will be expanded rapidly. Therefore, should pay attention to the quality of new loans, to solve the risk control problems, which is the important link of the reform of rural credit cooperatives. Therefore, we must focus on the following two aspects of man and system construction. In personnel at various levels, is a top executives, strengthen the leadership of the construction, Two is to improve the overall quality and staff to effectively solve the low quality and personnel structure unreasonable "bottleneck" problems. In the system, establish business through internal control systems, proceres and standard operation and perfecting post to audit supervision as the core of the internal management system, and formed a "system consummation, the operating mechanism of effective management", effective eliminate operation risk and moral hazard of rural credit cooperatives, management risk prevention and control.
References:
[1] in the cooperation TangShuangNing. Financial supervision and reform work conference speech [J]. China rural credit cooperative, 2006, (3).
[2] of hainan province rural credit cooperatives in the third quarter of 2006 capital operation [R].
3. 英语谚语
经典英语谚语50句
1. Waste not,want not. 俭以防匮。
2. From saving comes having. 富有来自节俭。
3. A penny saved is a penny gained. 省一文是一文。
4. Take care of the pence and the pound will take care of themselves. 金钱积少便成多。
5. Frugality is an estate alone. 节俭本身就是一宗财产。
6. He that regards not a penny,will lavish a pound. 小钱不知节省，大钱将滥花。
7. Small gains bring great wealth. 积小利，成巨富。
8. Many a little makes a mickle. 积少便成多。
9. As the touchstone tries gold,so gold tries man. 试金之石可试金，正如黄金能试人。
10. Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue. 勇敢和坚决是美德的灵魂。
11. The path to glory is always rugged. 光荣之路常坎坷。
12. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. 世上无难事，只要人肯试。
13. The fire is the test of gold;adversity of strong man. 烈火试真金，困苦炼壮士。
14. Great hopes make great man. 远大的希望造就伟大的人物。
15. No way is impossible to courage. 勇士面前无险路。
16. A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner. 平静的大海决不能造就出熟练的水手。
17. The good seaman is known in bad weather. 坏天气下才能识得出良好的海员；要识好海员，须凭坏天气。
18. The best hearts are always the bravest. 行为最勇敢的人心地总是最善良。
19. We must not lie down,and cry,God help us. 求神不如求己。
20. He that falls today may be up again tomorrow. 今天跌倒的人也许明天就会站起。
21. Rome was not built in a day. 罗马并非一日可建成；坚持必成。
22. Success belongs to the persevering. 胜利属于坚忍不拔的人。
23. We must repeat a thousand and one times thatperseverance is the only road to success. 我们要多次重申：不屈不挠是取得胜利的唯一道路。
24. Perseverance is failing nineteen times and succeeding the twentieth. 十九次失败，到第二十次获得成功，这就叫坚持。
25. Step by step the ladder is ascended. 登梯需要逐级登。
26. Adversity leads to prosperity. 困苦通向昌盛。
27. Patience and application will carry us through. 忍耐和专心会使我们度过难关。
28. Fortune often rewards with interest those that have patience to wait for her. 做事只要有耐心，到头总会有好运；耐心候好运，好运常会来。
29. All things will come round to him who will but wait. 只要肯等待，一切都会按时来。
30. Constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水不绝可穿石。
31. Omelets are not made without breaking of eggs. 鸡蛋不打破，蛋卷做不成；不甘愿吃苦，则预期效果达不到。
32. The world is a ladder for some to go up and others to go down. 世界好似一把梯，有人上去有人下。
33. There needs a long apprenticeship to understand the mystery of the world's trade. 要知世事奥秘多，须要长期作学徒。
34. Life is sweet. 生活是可爱的；人无不好生(恶死)。
35. Where there is life,there is hope. 生命不息，希望长在。
36. Life is not all beer and skittles. 人生并不全是吃喝玩乐。
37. Much water runs by the mill that the miller knows not of. 眼前发生许多事，有些我们并不知。
38. Fortune knocks once at least at every man's door. 人人都有走运的一天。
39. If you are too fortunate,you will not know yourself; if you are too unfortunate,nobody will know you. 运气太好，见人不睬；运气太坏，无人理会。
40. Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 每一个人都是自身幸福的建筑师。
41. Happy is he who knows his follies in his youth. 记得年轻时所作蠢事的人是幸福的。
42. Misfortunes never (seldom) come alone (single).
祸不单行。
43. Misfortune is a good teacher. 不幸是良好的教师。
44. Misfortunes come at night. 祸常生于不测。
45. Misfortunes tell us what fortune is. 恶运临头后，才知幸运贵。
46. Adversity makes a man wise,not rich. 患难能使人聪明，但不能使人富有。
47. Live and learn. 活到老，学到老。
48. It is never too old to learn. 为学不怕年高。
49. A man becomes learned by asking questions. 要长学问，就得多问；多问则业精。
50. There is no royal road to learning. 学问无坦途。
4. 哪有最新的英文原创文章,没有被翻译过的
Garden Friends
A garden is home to much more than vegetables and flowers. Gardens provide habitats for many kinds of animals, some of which are the gardeners best friends. In gardens, animals find an ample supply of the things they need: food, water, protection from predators, and nesting sites. In exchange, they enrich the soil, pollinate flowers, and gobble up insect pests.
Earthworms burrow into hard soil, creating channels where water can drain and air can get to the roots of plants. The wastes that earthworms deposit in soil provide nutrients for the plants.
Ladybugs, also called ladybird beetles, eat aphids-small, soft insects that look like tiny grains of rice. Aphids suck the juices from garden plants and kill them.
Lucky is the gardener who provides a home for a toad! In a single growing season, a hungry toad can eat more than 10,000 garden pests. Toads hide in cool, dark places ring the day. They come out at night to hunt.
Many garden plants need butterflies to pollinate them. Butterflies are active ring the day. They have good color vision but a poor sense of smell, so they are attracted to bright (often red), odorless flowers.
Mature bees visit flowers to collect pollen and nectar to eat. In turn, bees do plants a favor. They transfer pollen from one plant to another. If they didn't, many plants couldn't form seeds.
The praying mantis captures and eats many kinds of insects that bother a garden. The mantis looks like a leaf or a stem. While waiting for its dinner to come along, it folds up into a "praying" position, with its legs under its head. Then zap! It leaps and captures its prey.
国外一个网站找的,难得哦,新鲜的,呵呵
5. R语言中的defaults包是干什么用的
1. 列出包所在库的路径
.libPaths()
[1] "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.0.2/library"
2. 安装包，括号里面包的名称要加英文引号，在列出的CRAN镜像站点列表中选择一个进行下载，我一般选的是China(Hefei)
install.packages()
例如,install.packages("ggplot2")
3. 包的载入library()或require()，安装完包后，需要加载才能使用其中的函数，此时括号中不使用引号。两者的不同之处在于library()载入之后不返回任何信息，而require()载入后则会返回TRUE，因此require()适合用于程序的书写。
例如
library(ggplto2)
> require(foreign)
Loading required package: foreign
> is.logical(require(foreign))
[1] TRUE
4. 包的更新
update.packages()
5. 包的帮助信息 格式如下，可以查看包中的函数以及说明
help(package="ggplot2")
6. 查看本地的包
6.1 查看默认加载的包，忽略基本的包
getOption("defaultPackages")
> getOption("defaultPackages")
[1] "datasets" "utils" "grDevices" "graphics" "stats" "methods"
[7] "ggplot2"
6.2 查看当前已经加载过的包
(.packages())
[1] "ggplot2" "stats" "graphics" "grDevices" "utils" "datasets" "methods" "base"
6.3 要显示所有可用的包
(.packages(all.available=TRUE))
> (.packages(all.available=TRUE))
[1] "abind" "agricolae" "aplpack" "base" "bitops"
[6] "boot" "car" "caTools" "class" "cluster"
[11] "codetools" "colorRamps" "colorspace" "compiler" "datasets"
[16] "Defaults" "devtools" "dichromat" "digest" "doBy"
[21] "e1071" "effects" "ellipse" "evaluate" "foreign"
[26] "formatR" "Formula" "gdata" "ggplot2" "ggthemes"
[31] "gmodels" "gplots" "graphics" "grDevices" "grid"
[36] "gtable" "gtools" "highr" "Hmisc" "httr"
[41] "KernSmooth" "knitr" "labeling" "lattice" "latticeExtra"
[46] "leaps" "lme4" "lmtest" "LSD" "manipulate"
[51] "markdown" "MASS" "Matrix" "matrixcalc" "memoise"
[56] "methods" "mgcv" "minqa" "multcomp" "munsell"
[61] "mvtnorm" "nlme" "nnet" "nortest" "parallel"
[66] "pixmap" "plyr" "proto" "psych" "quantmod"
[71] "Rcmdr" "RColorBrewer" "Rcpp" "RcppEigen" "RCurl"
[76] "relimp" "reshape2" "rgl" "rJava" "RODBC"
[81] "rpart" "rstudio" "samplesize" "sandwich" "scales"
[86] "schoolmath" "sciplot" "sem" "spatial" "splines"
[91] "stats" "stats4" "stringr" "survival" "tcltk"
[96] "tcltk2" "TH.data" "tools" "TTR" "utils"
[101] "VennDiagram" "whisker" "XLConnect" "xts" "zoo"
7. 卸载包detach()，这是library()的反向操作，此操作主要是为了避免某些包中的函数名称相同，造成冲突，注意与library()的参数不同，detach()参数为detach(package:包的名称),library(包的名称)。
例如
> library(ggplot2) #加载包
> (.packages()) #列出当前已经加载的包
[1] "ggplot2" "stats" "graphics" "grDevices" "utils" "datasets"
[7] "methods" "base"
> detach(package:ggplot2) # 卸载ggplot2包
> (.packages()) #列出当前已经加载的包
[1] "stats" "graphics" "grDevices" "utils" "datasets" "methods"
[7] "base"
8． 自定义启动时候的加载包
如果需要长期使用某个包的话，每次开启都需要输入library()，比较麻烦，因此可以让R启动时自动加载某些包。在R的安装目录/etc/Rprofile.site加入下载语句：
例如让R启动时自动加载ggplot2包
local({old <- getOption("defaultPackages")
options(defaultPackages = c(old, "ggplot2"))})
9. 在文章中引用R软件包，例如引用ggplot2包：
citation(package="ggplot2")
To cite ggplot2 in publications, please use:
H. Wickham. ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer New
York, 2009.
A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is
@Book{,
author = {Hadley Wickham},
title = {ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis},
publisher = {Springer New York},
year = {2009},
isbn = {978-0-387-98140-6},
url = {http://had.co.nz/ggplot2/book},
}
6. 电子商务 外文翻译
Basic concepts
什么是电子商务呢，说白了就是电子是手段，商务是目的。 What is e-commerce it, saying that white is the Electronics is a means, business is the goal. 电子商务，英文是Electronic Commerce，简称EC。 E-commerce, English is the Electronic Commerce, referred to as EC. 电子商务涵盖 E-commerce covers 的范围很广，一般可分为企业对企业(Business-to-Business)，或企业对消费者(Business-to-Customer)两种。 A wide range, generally can be divided into business to business (Business-to-Business), or business to consumers (Business-to-Customer) two kinds. 另外还有消费者对消费者（Customer-to-Customer)这种大步增长的模式。 There are also consumers of consumers (Customer-to-Customer) such a big growth pattern. 随着国内Internet使用人数的增加，利用Internet进行网络购物并以银行卡付款的消费方式已渐流行，市场份额也在迅速增长， 电子商务网站也层出不穷。 With the increase in the number of domestic Internet use, using Internet for online shopping and bank card payment has graally popular consumption patterns, market share is rapidly growing e-commerce sites are endless. 电子商务最常见之安全机制有SSL(安全套接层协议）及SET( 安全电子交易协议 ）两种。 The most common security mechanism for e-commerce have SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) two kinds.
定义： Definition:
广义上指使用各种电子工具从事商务或活动。 The broad sense refers to the use of electronic tools for business or activities. 这些工具包括从初级的电报、电话、广播、电视、传真到计算机、 计算机网络 ，到NII（国家信息基础结构－信息高速公路）、GII（全球信息基础结构）和Internet等现代系统。 These tools range from elementary telegraph, telephone, radio, television, fax, computer, computer network, to the NII (National Information Infrastructure - Information Highway), GII (Global Information Infrastructure) and the Internet and other modern systems. 而商务活动是从泛商品（实物与非实物，商品与非商品化的生产要素等等）的需求活动到泛商品的合理、合法的消费除去典型的生产过程后的所有活动。 The commercial activities are concted from the Pan-goods (physical and non-physical, non-commercialization of goods and factors of proction, etc.) activities to the needs of the Pan-goods, a reasonable, legitimate consumer to remove the typical post-proction process of all activities. 狭义上指利用Internet从事商务或活动。 A narrow sense, refers to the use of Internet for business or activities.
【网络营销和电子商务】 【Internet marketing and e-commerce】
从时间上来讲，电子商务概念的出现要早于网络营销。 From the time of speaking, e-commerce earlier than the emergence of the concept of network marketing.
电子商务最早产生于上个世纪60年代,90年代得到长足发展。 E-commerce originated in the last century 60's, 90's by leaps and bounds. 电子商务产生和发展的重要条件主要是: 计算机的广泛应用。 And development of e-commerce, an important condition for mainly the following: extensive use of computers. 而网络营销是随着现代科学技术的发展、消费者价值观的变革与日趋激烈的市场竞争等诸多因素,出现并迅速崛起的，网络营销发展的最重要条件是：消费者价值观念的变革。 Along with the network marketing is the development of modern science and technology, consumer values change and the increasingly fierce market competition, and many other factors, emerged and rapidly growing, Internet marketing, the development of the most important conditions are: changes in consumer values.
从字面意义上讲，网络营销概念要比电子商务大。 From the literal sense, the concept of network marketing than the big e-commerce.
电子商务通常是指是在广泛的商业贸易活动中，在因特网开放的网络环境下，买卖双方不相谋面的情况下，实现交易达成的一种新型的商业运营模式，讲求的是在网络销售中获得商业盈利。 E-commerce generally refers to commercial trade in a wide range of activities, on the Internet an open network environment, buyers and sellers are not known one another for the case of phase to achieve the deal of a new business model, and stress is that in online sales in the access to commercial profit. 网络营销(cyber marketing),是指借助联机网络,电脑通讯和数字交互式媒体来实现的一种营销方式，讲求的是与目标人群的网络互动。 Internet Marketing (cyber marketing), refers to the use of online networks, computer communications and digital interactive media to achieve a kind of marketing, emphasizes that the network of interactions with the target population.
从包含的各个体系来说，网络营销和电子商务是交叉存在的。 From the various systems contained in it, network marketing and e-commerce is a cross-exist.
电子商务涵盖的范围很广，一般可分为B2B、B2C、 C2C、B2M四类电子商务模式。 Covers a wide range of e-commerce in general can be divided into B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M four categories of e-business models. 其中企业对企业(Business-to-Business)，和企业对消费者(Business-to- Consumer)两种发展最早，另外还有消费者对消费者（Consumer-to-Consumer)这种大步增长的模式。 Including business to business (Business-to-Business), and business to consumer (Business-to-Consumer) two kinds of the earliest to develop, in addition to consumers for consumers (Consumer-to-Consumer) growth of this step模式. 网络营销包含网络调研 、 网络广告 、 网络公关 、整合营销、seo、sem等内容，每个内容都可以单独或者整合应用到电子商务中去。 Internet Marketing includes Internet research, online advertising, Internet public relations, integrated marketing, seo, sem and other content, each content can be applied alone or integrated into the e-commerce to go. 同样电子商务也离不开这些网络营销手段。 The same e-commerce marketing tool is also inseparable from these networks. 加100分行忙,我尽力了.
7. CCTV家庭影院频道8月21号晚22.00 外国电影跳跃国界的原名叫什么
《leaps & bounds》，阿札德的哥哥泰格许了一个大梦：他希望阿札德能在他们的祖国伊拉克，成为一位跳高冠军，甚至能成为一名世界冠军。可是在一次轰炸中，这两个男孩在逃命掩蔽时，泰格变得无法说话，而年少的阿札德现在必须要留意他哥哥的状况。 决定要让全家前往一个更安全的地方，男孩们的父母亲把他们送出伊拉克。在阴错阳差之下，男孩们却困在瑞典。为了留在这个新的国家，阿札德和泰格必须佯装成在那个非常时期入境瑞典的另一个伊拉克家庭的成员。 这对兄弟在离开祖国和父母的情形下受到历练，然而像阿札德和泰格这样胸怀大志的聪明人，在面对跳高技巧的考验之余，也了解到应该怎样成为一个真正的冠军…
8. 分子和原子,量子各是什么东西
分子是保持物质化学性质的最小粒子。原子是化学变化中的最小粒子。 分子与原子 都是构成物质的一种粒子，质量和体积都非常小，彼此间有间隔，在不停地运动，都既有种类之分，又有个数之别，都不显电性。分子总是在不断的运动。
量子是现代物理的重要概念。最早是由德国物理学家M·普朗克在1900年提出的。他假设黑体辐射中的辐射能量是不连续的，只能取能量基本单位的整数倍，从而很好地解释了黑体辐射的实验现象。
后来的研究表明，不但能量表现出这种不连续的分离化性质，其他物理量诸如角动量、自旋、电荷等也都表现出这种不连续的量子化现象。这同以牛顿力学为代表的经典物理有根本的区别。量子化现象主要表现在微观物理世界。描写微观物理世界的物理理论是量子力学。
(8)leaps是什么网站扩展阅读：
分子的特性：
1.分子之间有间隔。例如：取50毫升酒精和50毫升水，混合之后，体积小于100毫升。
2.一切构成物质的分子都在永不停息地做无规则的运动。温度越高，分子扩散越快，固、液、气中，气体扩散最快。由于分子的运动跟温度有关，所以这种运动叫做分子的热运动。例如：天气热时衣服容易晒干。
3.一般分子直径的数量级为10^-10m。
4.分子很小，但有一定的体积和质量。
5.同种物质的分子性质相同，不同种物质的分子性质不同。
原子的力量很大，其中原子核的能量被释放之后会有相对的危害。但也有好处，就是我们善于利用的话是可以帮助我们的。其中原子核的放射我们可以让植物吸收来减少我们的伤害。
但我们通常可以做的是尽量少用有原子能量的东西，这样可以减少伤害了。要善于观察和及时了解新的方法才可以更好地预防。
量子物理学是研究微观粒子运动规律的学科，是研究原子、分子以至原子核和基本粒子的结构和性质的基本理论。
量子理论的突破首先出现在黑体辐射能量密度随频率的分布规律上。1900年10月，由于普朗克解释黑体辐射现象，将维恩定律加以改良，又将玻尔兹曼熵公式重新诠释，得出了一个与实验数据完全吻合普朗克公式来描述黑体辐射。
普朗克提出能与观测结果很好地符合的简单公式，实验物理学家相信其中必定蕴藏着一个尚未被揭示出来的科学原理。