与网络安全相关的英文_跟网络有关的英语单词有哪些

1. 求一篇关于介绍网络安全的英文文章，越长越好，详细些！谢谢

next and the joy of the game of livin

2. 网络安全，防火墙，分组过滤，代理，堡垒主机请分别帮我翻译成英文哈,谢谢

网络安全:network security
防火墙:firewall

3. 求一篇与网络安全有关的英语考研作文！

As the number of internet users continues to grow worldwide,internet safety is a growing concern for both children and alts. The internet safety, or online safety, is the knowledge of maximizing the user's personal safety and security risks on private information and property associated with using the internet, and the self-protection from computer crime in general.

To begin with, we have to take the information security into consideration. As we all know, sensitive information such as personal information and identity, passwords are often associated with personal property (for example, bank accounts) and privacy and may present security concerns if leaked. Unauthorized access and usage of private information may result in consequence such as identity theft, as well as theft of property.

What's more, the personal safety cannot be ignored. The growth of the internet gave rise to many important services accessible to anyone with a connection. One of these important services is digital communication. While this service allowed us to communicate with others through the internet, this also allowed the communication with malicious users. While malicious users often use the internet for personal gain, this may not be limited to financial/material gain. This is especially a concern to parents and children, as children are often targets of these malicious users.

How can we deal with the problems in the Internet safety? Actually, we have several preventions. First, keeping shared information at a minimum and safe passwords and PINs are useful. Moreover, we'd better strengthen our Social network websites and security software.
Through the use of antivirus software, the user can automatically detect, prevent and remove computer viruses and various types of malware. Very often it is impossible for the user alone to identify infected files and software until it is too late, especially if the infected file or software is well disguised as legitimate files. Because of this, it is important that the user keeps antivirus software running on the computer whenever accessing the internet so that the user can filter and block infected files and firewalls.

亲，由于你给的信息比较少，我不知道你想要网络信息哪些方面的东西。
这里是关于网络安全的开篇介绍、网络安全的困境，以及应对方法。

4. 高分啊~!急! 关于网络安全的英文翻译

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习
问题描述:

由于文章的这段过于专业希望懂的兄弟们帮帮忙~~翻译一下~

The International Standards Organization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Reference Model defines seven layers of munications types, and the interfaces among them. (See Figure 1.) Each layer depends on the services provided by the layer below it, all the way down to the physical neork hardware, such as the puter's neork interface card, and the wires that connect the cards together.

An easy way to look at this is to pare this model with something we use daily: the telephone. In order for you and I to talk when we're out of earshot, we need a device like a telephone. (In the ISO/OSI model, this is at the application layer.) The telephones, of course, are useless unless they have the ability to translate the sound into electronic pulses that can be transferred over wire and back again. (These functions are provided in layers below the application layer.) Finally, we get down to the physical connection: both must be plugged into an outlet that is connected to a switch that's part of the telephone system's neork of switches.

If I place a call to you, I pick up the receiver, and dial your number. This number specifies which central office to which to send my request, and then which phone from that central office to ring. Once you answer the phone, we begin talking, and our session has begun. Conceptually, puter neorks function exactly the same way.

It isn't important for you to memorize the ISO/OSI Reference Model's layers; but it's useful to know that they exist, and that each layer cannot work without the services provided by the layer below it.

What are some Popular Neorks?

Over the last 25 years or so, a number of neorks and neork protocols have been defined and used. We're going to look at o of these neorks, both of which are ``public'' neorks. Anyone can connect to either of these neorks, or they can use types of neorks to connect their own hosts (puters) together, without connecting to the public neorks. Each type takes a very different approach to providing neork services.

UUCP

UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) was originally developed to connect Unix (surprise!) hosts together. UUCP has since been ported to many different architectures, including PCs, Macs, Amigas, Apple IIs, VMS hosts, everything else you can name, and even some things you can't. Additionally, a number of systems have been developed around the same principles as UUCP.

解析:

国际标准化组织(简写为ISO)开放互连系统(简写为OSI)访问模型定义了七个层次的通信类型和它们之间的

接口(见图1). 每一层取决于它下面一层所提供的服务,一直延伸到物理网络硬件,如计算机的网卡、以及

把这些卡连接在一起的线路.

简单地看这个模型的方法是把它和我们日常使用的东西:电话作比较.为了让你和我在听力所及范围之外交

谈，我们需要一个类似电话的装置.(在ISO/OSI模型,这位于应用层). 电话,只有在它们能把声音转换成电

子脉冲听通过线路来回传送时才有用.(这种功能是由应用层以下提供). 最后,我们着手物质的连接:两者

必须嵌入一个出口，它连接到电话系统的网络交换机中的一个转换器.

如果我给你打电话,我拿起接收器、拨你的号码.这个号码指定了哪个中央交换器来发送我的请求,然后,那

个中央转换器拨通哪个电话.一旦你接电话,我们开始交谈,我们的对话已经开始.从概念上说，计算机网络

的功能跟这一模一样.

你没有必要背诵ISO/OSI访问模型的层次;但知道它们的存在并且没有下面一层提供的服务每一层将无法工

作是有用的.

什么是一些热门的网络?

过去25多年来,一批网络和网络协议已被确定和使用.要去看看其中的两个网络,两者都是公共网络.任何人

都可以连接到这两个网络之一，或者他们可以使用各种网络类型把连接自己的主机(计算机)连接到一起，

而无需连接到公共网络.每种类型采取很不相同的方式提供网络服务.

uucp

uucp(UNIX系统至UNIX系统的复制)原是为连接UNIX系统主机研制(惊讶!).uucp从此被转化成很多不同的体

系结构,包括个人电脑、互助、amigas,苹果,视频调制系统等一切你能命名的和甚至有些你不能命名的.此

外,一些系统已经开发了类似于uucp的原理的.

5. 关于网络安全英语短句

1.网络安全的句子带英文

safe 英[seɪf] 美[sef]

adj. 安全的；保险的，肯定的；无损的；提供保护的；

n. 保险箱，保险柜；冷藏箱；〈俚〉避孕套；

[例句]Officials arrived to assess whether it is safe to bring emergency food supplies into the city

官员们赶来评估向该市调拨紧急救援食品是否安全。

[其他] 比较级：safer 最高级：safest 复数：safes

2.十句关于正确使用网络的英语句子

The computer is one kind of tool, is uses to us, but not plays; The academic society uses the human is a smart person, will only play the human will be the stupid person, you may access the net, to look that the news, the understanding current event, will simultaneously raise itself to study using the network, but plays the game purely, is obtained the more network knowledge oneself. Although the network is a messenger, is also the good teacher and helpful friend who studies, but excessively many surfers can cause the vision to drop, the academic record drops; Serious also has the possibility to create is with one's family broken up and decimated!

电脑是一种工具，是给我们用的，而不是玩的；学会用的人是聪明人，只会玩的人则是愚蠢的人，你可以上网，看新闻、了解时事，同时培养自己利用网络来学习，而不是单纯地玩游戏，让自己获得更多的网络知识。网络虽是一个通信员，也是学习上的良师益友，但过多的上网会导致视力下降，学习成绩下降；严重的还有可能造成家破人亡！

3.网络安全的英语作文

最近的新闻都揭示了美国对中国网络的攻击。如何安全地上网在我国引起了大量的讨论。结果是在网络飞速发展的时代，我们必须要采取有效的措施来保护我们的隐私和财产安全。

From my perspective, in the first place, we should call attention to our personal information. Not only do we not offer them at random in some strange websites, but we need to distinguish right from wrong among the numerous websites. Furthermore, it is inevitable that some secure anti-virus soft wares can be installed. And it will make it possible for that network can run more steadily. In addition to doing some work by ourselves, the government needs to draw up some policies to preserve national cyber security. It involves probing for deeply rooted reasons, devising creative solutions, developing high-tech talents and strengthening the supervision.

从我的角度来看，首先，我们应该关注我们的个人信息。我们不仅不随随便便在一些奇怪的网站提供自己的信息，而且我们需要在众多的网站之间明辨是非。此外，安装一些安全的杀毒软件是必须的。这使得网络运行更加稳定。除了我们自己该做一些努力之外，还需要政府制定相关政策来保护国家网络安全。这就涉及到探究深层次的原因，想出有创造性的解决方案，发展高新技术人才、加强监管。

Although scientists still cannot overcome the problem completely, they are studying a great deal about how to protect our national cyber security. However, consciousness of cyber security should not decline. Only in this way, we just enjoy the convenience brought by the network.

尽管科学家仍无法完全克服这个问题，但是他们正在研究大量关于如何保护我们国家网络安全的办法。然而，不应该放松网络安全意识。只有这样我们才能享受到网络带给我们的便利。

4.有关上网利弊的英语短句带翻译

Internet can be used for learning knowledge and it's richer than any library 网络可以用来学习知识并且它比任何一个图书馆里的知识都要丰富

It is a very valuable research tool 网络是个有价值的搜索工具

Another problem of the internet is the amount of pornography on it 另一个问题是网上有很多不健康信息

It allows Humans all over the world to keep in touch通过网络来自不同的地方的人也可以互相交流

the internet can play its part in informing us about what our own governments are doing通过网络我们可以知道我们的政府正在做什么

What one of your friends tells you might be more reliable than an internet site你的任何一个朋友告诉你的信息有可能比一个网站上的可靠.

internet give people many conveniences互联网给人带来许多便利

you can buy goods which you need without going to a supermarket or any shop ,but only by e-shopping你可以不用去商店或者超市就能直接通过电子购物而买到需要的商品

emails is another benefit the internet brings to us,especially for businessmen 电子邮件则是另一个由因特网带来的好处，特别是对于工作的人

5.关于上网安全的英语作文70字带翻译

7a6431333337623462Along with the time development, accessing the net already turned the extremely universal matter. No matter is alt or the child, so long as mentioning the computer, all think of internet. But, accessing the internet is advantageous ,but also has shortcoming.

I knew very many people access the net, mainly is for playing games, which is very bad for the study. Therefore, some people believed, the elementary and middle school students lack the self-control.

But,there are many people approving to accessing internet, why? Because internet can provide to the people very helps. First, the network looks like a library, we can look up very many materials easily,and it is quicker than the speed of consulting books; Next, we may read a richer news on-line; In addition, accessing the net also has other functions, for example, E-mail, telephoning on the net and so on.

Actually, accessing the net has its profit and the shortcoming place. We use it to open to expand the field of vision, the study knowledge, but must certainly grasp the discretion.

6.和网络有关的英文谚语和格言

Strength alone knows conflict, weakneis below even defeat, and is born vanquished. -- Swetchine

只有强者才懂得斗争；弱者甚至失败都不够资格，而是生来就是被征服的。

The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them. -- Bernara Shaw

在这个世界上取得成就的人，都努力去寻找他们想要的机会，如果找不到机会，他们便自己创造机会。

7.求翻译~英文摘要~关于网络信息安全的

Since twentieth Century, the rapid development of computer technology, especially the rapid development of Internet technology, has put the whole world even as a whole, so that the social development is inseparable from the information network. It constantly changing economic, social, cultural structure and operation mode, and the transmission of information relating to financial, science ecation, military and other fields, in to the people and the country brings convenient, efficient information sharing at the same time, but also to the security of network information has brought many problems. In today's international competitive situation, the network information security is more and more attention from all over the world. This article from the network information security problems and characteristics, the main techniques of network security, common network attack methods and countermeasures, the construction of network security and other aspects of the present stage of our country network information security problems and restricting factors and how from technology and management and other aspects the construction has the Chinese characteristic information security comprehensive security system, ensure our country network information security.

Key word

The network information security of network attack network ethics network security comprehensive security system

8.10句关于安全的英语谚语

1. nothinask not what your country can do for you ,ask what you can do for your country.

2. in the world is impossible if you set your mind to do it.

3. never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

4. He bites off more than he can chew.

5. To teach a fish how to swim.

6. The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved.

7. Cultured and fine manners are everywhere a passport to regard.

8. What you love on the swings you get back on the roundabouts.

9. No man lives without jostling and being jostled ,in all ways he has to elbow himself through the world giving and receiving offence.

10. Thought is the seed of action.

6. 网络安全英语作文

在日常生活或是工作学习中，大家都写过作文，肯定对各类作文都很熟悉吧，作文根据写作时限的不同可以分为限时作文和非限时作文。相信许多人会觉得作文很难写吧，以下是我精心整理的关于网络安全英语作文（精选10篇），欢迎阅读与收藏。

网络安全英语作文1

Recently, the news that U.S attack on Chinas Internet is always exposed. And the question of how to stay online safely raises a lot of discussion in our country. As a result, in the era of rapid development of network, we must take measures to protect our security of privacy and property effectively.

网络安全英语作文2

To begin with, we have to take the information security into consideration. As we all know, sensitive information such as personal information and identity, passwords are often associated with personal property (for example, bank accounts) and privacy and may present security concerns if leaked. Unauthorized access and usage of private information may result in consequence such as identity theft, as well as theft of property.

Whats more, the personal safety cannot be ignored. The growth of the internet gave rise to many important services accessible to anyone with a connection. One of these important services is digital communication. While this service allowed us to communicate with others through the internet, this also allowed the communication with malicious users. While malicious users often use the internet for personal gain, this may not be limited to financial/material gain. This is especially a concern to parents and children, as children are often targets of these malicious users.

How can we deal with the problems in the Internet safety? Actually, we have several preventions. First, keeping shared information at a minimum and safe passwords and PINs are useful. Moreover, wed better strengthen our Social network websites and security software.

Through the use of antivirus software, the user can automatically detect, prevent and remove computer viruses and various types of malware. Very often it is impossible for the user alone to identify infected files and software until it is too late, especially if the infected file or software is well disguised as legitimate files. Because of this, it is important that the user keeps antivirus software running on the computer whenever accessing the internet so that the user can filter and block infected files and firewalls.

网络安全英语作文3

Artificial intelligence (ai) approach, someone worries about unemployment, some people in the future, someone in exploring business opportunities, also some people on the go. Before discussing these, maybe we should consider the outcome of human beings.

One might think about this topic too exaggeration,

The first recall what has happened in the history of mankind incredible things.

Incredible things, the need to please a few through to decide.

We please 1 was born in the 0 people born in the year of the (han dynasty) through 1600 A.D. (Ming dynasty), although spans 1600 years, but the man may be on the lives of people around you wont feel too exaggerated, just changed a few dynasty, still facing the loess back and busy day.

But if please 1 1600 British people through to 1850 in the UK, see the huge steel monsters on the water ran, this person may directly be frighten urine, this is never imagined that 250 years ago.

If again please 1 1850 through to 1980, I heard that a bomb can flatten a city, this person may be directly scared silly, 130 years ago the Nobel wasnt invented dynamite.

Then please 1 in 1980 people now? This person will be cry?

网络安全英语作文4

We live in a technology era, the network has graally replaced the telephone and television, brought a lot of convenience to our lives, has become an indispensable part of our life. However, with the development of network technology, the network application becomes more and more popular and the crime base on the network also come graally. The proportion of companies’ computer security violated is 50%.In 1998,our country the public security cracked hacker case nearly 100,the purpose for economy of computer crime accounted for 70%.The cyber crime can make a business failure, leakage personal privacy, or the paralysis of a national economic, this is not alarmist. Thus the network security becomes more and more important.

There are various reasons of cyber crime.First,the computer users security awareness. Many computers do not install antivirus software and firewall, or can not guarantee the antivirus software updated daily, which give the computer criminals an opportunity. Second,for illegal money online. The implementation of network crimes is various, but from the quantitative analysis,for money, gain on the majority. Third, the difficulties to get the evidence.The limited evidence of network crime left most also only have electromagnetic records, but there is no fingerprint or DNA evidence, but such evidence is also very easy to destroy. Fourth,the crackdown is not great on the computer in majority of countries. The laws of most countries do not make efforts on the prevention and control of network crimes,and the law is not sufficient to constitute a real threat to the Internet crime. In my opinion, the prevention of cyber crime we should first of all from the establishment

of a sound outlook on life and values in the daily life, but not his.The network will occupy an increasingly important position in our future life, we should use the knowledge learning in school and life experience, to prevent and avoid being deceived. Accumulating enough Internet experience and prevention awareness of cyber crime, fully protect ourselves, away from the infringement of network crime.

网络安全英语作文5

In light of recent celebrity photo leaks from their cloud accounts, one major topic at this years China Internet Security Conference is cloud security. People have all heard the term "cloud" so many times, but what exactly is it?

The cloud refers to software and services that run on the Internet instead of your computer. Apple’s iCloud, for example, is a popular cloud service, as well as Dropbox and Google Drive.

The advantages of using the cloud? First, you can access your documents, photos and videos from anywhere. Your home, the office, on the train, as long as you’re connected to the Internet. You can also access your files from multiple devices like an iPhone, an iPad or a computer. And to make things even better, you don’t have to worry about backups, because most cloud services automatically saves your data for you.

The only problem is, when you a file from one device, make sure it’s d from the cloud too. Otherwise, a of it will be left in the cloud.

网络安全英语作文6

The progress of artificial intelligence. Speed is amazing, the future we will start to work side-by-side with artificial intelligence.

AlphaGo fire, five one hundred million people watching "man-machine war", in the end it depends on the technical advantage of big data and deep learning in a 4-1 winners posture tell people, to artificial intelligence is no longer just the scene in the movie, but in the real world there is another round of instrial revolution, however, this changes make many people feel scared, at that time all kinds of artificial intelligence threats to the human voice, according to the British science association entrusted network research firm YouGov, according to a survey of about 36% of people think that the rise of artificial intelligence technology will pose a threat to human long-term survival. People in all kinds of artificial intelligence can bring big Bob "unemployment" is deeply concerned about the discourse, but also in such a tough AlphaGo will be malicious use worrying on such issues.

网络安全英语作文7

The humn beings are stepping into the information society. The information instry develops very rapidly, so do the hackers, trick-playing teens, exploring children, fraudsters, and serious

wite-collar criminals. Thus, information security becomes an impending important issue.

In case of information breach, the victimsgovernment department, an organization, or an institution, or a company will inevitably suffer great or small loss. Government may be threated with national security. Companies may lose opportunities to develop new projects. And the publics and users will be damaged.

Then how to deal with this issueTechnology is only a partial solution to information security. Whats more important is that organizations and companies should promote the awareness on information security to its staff. However, since no system can ever be 100 percent secure, a prevention-only approach to information security mangaement is not enough. Companies and organizations should adopt a al approach to information security management by combining prevention and detection techniques.

网络安全英语作文8

Along with the time development, accessing the net already turned the extremely universal matter. No matter is alt or the child, so long as mentioning the computer, all think of internet. But, accessing the internet is advantageous ,but also has shortcoming.

I knew very many people access the net, mainly is for playing games, which is very bad for the study. Therefore, some people believed, the elementary and middle school students lack the self-control.

Actually, accessing the net has its profit and the shortcoming place. We use it to open to expand the field of vision, the study knowledge, but must certainly grasp the discretion.

网络安全英语作文9

As time goes on,going surfing on the Internet become more and more popular.It is a new phenomenon and sounds an alarm (for online security ).

Network security cover anti- virus , network security and hacker protection . Together with the technology of Access Control , rendant backup recovery and network security , it makes an allround security system . Many companies devote to the information security technology and proct research and development , proction and sales , providing advanced network security solutions . Firewall just is an effective measure of network security .

网络安全英语作文10

The advent of the Internet ushered in a new era of interpersonal communications and business operations. Undoubtedly, the Net are revolutionizing the daily lives of the people who have an access to it. The primary reason behind the Internet boom roots in its multifunction. It provides a vehicle for netizens to shop, search, publish blogs and browse WebPages.

A range of problems lurking behind the frenzy of Internet impressively stand out. A vast majority of Internet users mail boxes are saturated with junk mails, an issue which sparks strong criticism and generates the loss of corporate proctivity. Its not alone. Porn websites lure a growing number of young peoples visits. False news via the e-mail, BBS and chat room increasingly poses a threat to the social prosperity and stability.

To crack down them, we should push for a more effectively tough law. We should join our forces to launch a nation-wide campaign, including imposing stiff penalties on spammers, shutting down or blocking the lewd sites and introcing a real-name registration system to curb fraulent messages. We can fully believe that our combined efforts will reap rewards. A clean cyberspace will paint our lives more colorfully. An economically booming and technologically advanced global web will play a vital role in the national economic and cultural advancement.

7. 网络安全的英语作文

Recently, the news that U.S attack on China's Internet is always exposed. And the question of how to stay online safely raises a lot of discussion in our country. As a result, in the era of rapid development of network, we must take measures to protect our security of privacy and property effectively.
最近的新闻都揭示了美国对中国网络的攻击。如何安全地上网在我国引起了大量的讨论。结果是在网络飞速发展的时代，我们必须要采取有效的措施来保护我们的隐私和财产安全。
From my perspective, in the first place, we should call attention to our personal information. Not only do we not offer them at random in some strange websites, but we need to distinguish right from wrong among the numerous websites. Furthermore, it is inevitable that some secure anti-virus soft wares can be installed. And it will make it possible for that network can run more steadily. In addition to doing some work by ourselves, the government needs to draw up some policies to preserve national cyber security. It involves probing for deeply rooted reasons, devising creative solutions, developing high-tech talents and strengthening the supervision.
从我的角度来看，首先，我们应该关注我们的个人信息。我们不仅不随随便便在一些奇怪的网站提供自己的信息，而且我们需要在众多的网站之间明辨是非。此外，安装一些安全的杀毒软件是必须的。这使得网络运行更加稳定。除了我们自己该做一些努力之外，还需要政府制定相关政策来保护国家网络安全。这就涉及到探究深层次的原因，想出有创造性的解决方案，发展高新技术人才、加强监管。
Although scientists still cannot overcome the problem completely, they are studying a great deal about how to protect our national cyber security. However, consciousness of cyber security should not decline. Only in this way, we just enjoy the convenience brought by the network.
尽管科学家仍无法完全克服这个问题，但是他们正在研究大量关于如何保护我们国家网络安全的办法。然而，不应该放松网络安全意识。只有这样我们才能享受到网络带给我们的便利。

8. 网络安全的句子带英文

safe 英[seɪf] 美[sef]
adj. 安全的; 保险的，肯定的; 无损的; 提供保护的;
n. 保险箱，保险柜; 冷藏箱; 〈俚〉避孕套;
[例句]Officials arrived to assess whether it is safe to bring emergency food supplies into the city
官员们赶来评估向该市调拨紧急救援食品是否安全。
[其他] 比较级：safer 最高级：safest 复数：safes

9. 和网络安全相关的“黑产”用英文怎么说

和网络安全相关的“黑产”

用英语表达

翻译如下：

"Black proction" related to network security.

重点词汇使用：

网络安全：network security

相关：correlation;be interrelated;be related to;be bound

10. 跟网络有关的英语单词有哪些

WAN、LAN、B/S、FTP、HTTP等等。

1、WAN（Wide area network，广域网，指地理上跨越较大范围的跨地区网）

2、LAN（Local area network，局域网，地理上局限在小范围，属于一个单位组建的网）

3、B/S（Browser/Server，浏览器/服务器，指客户通过浏览器访问服务器的信息）

4、FTP（File Transfer Protocol，文件传送协议，用此协议用户通过Internet将一台计算机上的文件传送到另一台计算机上）

5、HTTP（Hypertext Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议 WWW服务程序所用的协议）

(10)与网络安全相关的英文扩展阅读：

广域网WAN一般最多只包含OSI参考模型的底下三层，而且大部分广域网都采用存储转发方式进行数据交换，也就是说，广域网是基于报文交换或分组交换技术的（传统的公用电话交换网除外）。

广域网中的交换机先将发送给它的数据包完整接收下来，然后经过路径选择找出一条输出线路，最后交换机将接收到的数据包发送到该线路上去，以此类推，直到将数据包发送到目的结点。

广域网可以提供面向连接和无连接两种服务模式，对应于两种服务模式，广域网有两种组网方式：虚电路（ virtual circuit）方式和数据报（ data gram）方式，下面我将分别讨论广域网的两种组网方式，并对它们进行比较。

广域网不同于局域网，它的范围更广，超越一个城市、一个国家甚至达到全球互连，因此具有与局域网不同的特点：

1、覆盖范围广通信距离远，可达数千公里以及全球。

2、不同于局域网的一些固定结构，广域网没有固定的拓扑结构，通常使用高速光纤作为传输介质。

3、主要提供面向通信的服务，支持用户使用计算机进行远距离的信息交换。

4、局域网通常作为广域网的终端用户与广域网相连。

5、广域网的管理和维护相对局域网较为困难。

6、广域网一般由电信部门或公司负责组建、管理和维护，并向全社会提供面向通信的有偿服务、流量统计和计费问题。

与网络安全相关的英文