① 网络的利与弊英文带翻译500字
Pros and Cons of Networking
网络的优缺点
There is a wide variety of networks and their advantages and disadvantages mainly depend on the type of network.
Advantages of Computer Networking
1. Easy Communication and Speed
It is very easy to communicate through a network. People can communicate efficiently using a network with a group of people. They can enjoy the benefit of emails, instant messaging, telephony, video conferencing, chat rooms, etc.
2. Ability to Share Files, Data and Information
This is one of the major advantages of networking computers. People can find and share information and data because of networking. This is beneficial for large organizations to maintain their data in an organized manner and facilitate access for desired people.
3. Sharing Hardware
Another important advantage of networking is the ability to share hardware. For an example, a printer can be shared among the users in a network so that there’s no need to have indivial printers for each and every computer in the company. This will significantly rece the cost of purchasing hardware.
4. Sharing Software
Users can share software within the network easily. Networkable versions of software are available at considerable savings compared to indivially licensed version of the same software. Therefore large companies can rece the cost of buying software by networking their computers.
5. Security
Sensitive files and programs on a network can be password protected. Then those files can only be accessed by the authorized users. This is another important advantage of networking when there are concerns about security issues. Also each and every user has their own set of privileges to prevent them accessing restricted files and programs.
6. Speed
Sharing and transferring files within networks is very rapid, depending on the type of network. This will save time while maintaining the integrity of files.
Disadvantages of Networking
1. Breakdowns and Possible Loss of Resources
One major disadvantage of networking is the breakdown of the whole network e to an issue of the server. Such breakdowns are frequent in networks causing losses of thousands of dollars each year. Therefore once established it is vital to maintain it properly to prevent such disastrous breakdowns. The worst scenario is such breakdowns may lead to loss of important data of the server.
2. Expensive to Build
Building a network is a serious business in many occasions, especially for large scale organizations. Cables and other hardware are very pricey to buy and replace.
3. Security Threats
Security threats are always problems with large networks. There are hackers who are trying to steal valuable data of large companies for their own benefit. So it is necessary to take utmost care to facilitate the required security measures.
4. Bandwidth Issues
In a network there are users who consume a lot more bandwidth than others. Because of this some other people may experience difficulties.
Although there are disadvantages to networking, it is a vital need in today’s environment. People need to access the Internet, communicate and share information and they can’t live without that. Therefore engineers need to find alternatives and improved technologies to overcome issues associated with networking. Therefore we can say that computer networking is always beneficial to have even if there are some drawbacks.
网络的种类繁多，其优势和劣势主要取决于网络的类型。
网络的优势如下：
1 .网络使人容易沟通和快速
通过网络进行交流很容易。人们可以通过与一群人的网络进行有效的交流。他们可以享受电子邮件、即时通讯、电话、视频会议、聊天室等的好处。
3 .可共享硬件
联网的另一个重要优势是共享硬件的能力。例如，一个打印机可以在一个网络中的用户之间共享，这样就不必为公司中的每一台计算机都有单独的打印机。这将大大降低采购硬件的成本。
4。共享软件
用户可以轻松地在网络中共享软件。与同一软件的单独授权版本相比，软件的可联网版本在相当大的节省下可用。因此，大公司可以通过联网电脑来降低购买软件的成本。
5。安全
网络上敏感的文件和程序可以被密码保护。然后，这些文件只能被授权用户访问。当人们对安全问题感到担忧时，这是网络的另一个重要优势。此外，每个用户都有自己的权限集，以防止他们访问受限制的文件和程序。
6。速度
网络中共享和传输文件的速度非常快，这取决于网络的类型。这将节省时间，同时保持文件的完整性。
网络的缺点
1 .工作故障和可能的资源损失
由于服务器的问题，网络的一个主要缺点是整个网络的崩溃。这种故障在网络中经常造成每年数千美元的损失。因此，一旦建立起来，就必须正确地维护它，以防止这种灾难性的崩溃。最糟糕的情况是这样的故障会导致服务器的重要数据丢失。
2。昂贵的建造
在很多情况下，建立一个网络是一项严肃的业务，特别是对于大型组织来说。电缆和其他硬件的购买和更换非常昂贵。
3 .项目安全威胁
安全威胁一直是大型网络的问题。有黑客试图窃取大公司的有价值的数据，以获取他们自己的利益。因此，有必要采取最大的措施，以方便采取必要的安全措施。
4。带宽问题
在网络中，用户比其他人消耗更多的带宽。因为其他一些人可能会遇到困难。
虽然网络也有缺点，但在当今的环境中，这是一个至关重要的需求。人们需要访问互联网，交流和共享信息，没有这些信息他们就无法生活。因此，工程师需要找到替代和改进的技术来克服与网络相关的问题。因此，我们可以说，即使有一些缺点，计算机网络也总是有益的。
② 将下列中文文章翻译成英文! 急需 谢谢.
The 20th century, communication technologies on human society, one of the enormous impact that the use of communications technology to link many computers together to form the Internet, that is the Internet. The emergence of the Internet completely changed our living space. Speaking of the Internet, it is following the telegraph, telephone, radio, computer, after a great invention, the world's computers linked via the Internet, to communicate or share information resources. Wireless phones with the Internet is the main communication tool for the entire planet.Internet (Internet) is the world's largest computer network. Its formation so that the computer can not only process information, and access to information and transmit information, the rapid development of global political, economic, cultural and other fields have far-reaching impact. Currently the Internet is considered to be global "information superhighway" or the predecessor of the prototype.
Internet translated into Chinese, has translated into the Internet, the international network, the Internet, where the name using the Internet. Internet source is the United States, and trace the origin of U.S. Internet is available from the Soviet Union in 1957, the first to launch a rocket man-made earth satellite Spunik First One begins, then the head of the Soviet Union ahead of the U.S. launch of Sputnik, the U.S. government greatly stimulate the comprehensive review of national science and technology policy and ecation in order to catch up.U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower was decided to establish an institution for the development of science and technology, called ARPA (Advanced Research projects Agency), is funding the establishment of this institution was the first of the Internet, it is called APRANET.
Development of the Internet into a large global network, was originally used in the exchange of scientific information between the universities, but then they are more interested in its e-mail features (E-mail). That is, we are more interested in using the Internet to send a variety of information, including personal information. Back in the Internet can only send text messages when people have access to the Internet use it to discuss a variety of problems, and now has become an important operating system, that is, at that time scattered all over the world by a computer programmer, via the Internet to discuss and hand over their research results, and will graally form a complete operating system.
Proced later in the Internet World Wide Web with multimedia features (WWW), originally the purpose is to make nuclear physicists around the world to share the European Institute for Particle Physics (CERN) of data. The results of the World Wide Web are most interested in the ordinary Internet users, but this time more powerful personal computers, cheap, already has multimedia capabilities, that the conditions we have used the World Wide Web. Therefore, more and more users of the World Wide Web, allowing users to time by way of telephone lines connected to the Internet.
The method used by the Internet easy to use, quickly find the information needed, and as we all used to the method used by the Internet, so now also used within the enterprise network to Internet, it is called Intranet (Intranet).
Internet in the development of distance ecation, interpersonal communication and computer development has played a huge role, multimedia and network and to achieve "interactive" communication, and thus lead to a new media revolution. The emergence of the Internet has also led to a lot of new things, such as online marriage, online shopping, online universities.
③ 一段英语翻译(计算机网络）
有许多例子，说明超载原因congestion.For例如，一个可能的方式，以实现高吞吐量的网络可能是使所有的数据包的来源，他们可以快速，以便瓶颈网络连接运行在接近100 ％的利用率。虽然这似乎是合理的，有点想表明，这种做法是自我完成defeating.All真的是长期排队的现象和由此产生的数据包的端到端延迟，并增加丢包率，这对一个可靠的端到端的解决方案，结束传输层将导致大量的retransmissions.This因此十分错误的做法取得良好的网络throughput.this的例子也表明了基本实现高之间的紧张关系联系起来的利用一方面（由数据传输快速） ，以及低利率的延误和损失的其他（增加如果数据传送速度过快） 。
这一概念的提出如何增加负荷，以实现高利用率不符合包损失和延误的说明图2.This数字显示原理鉴于吞吐量作为一个功能提供负载网络。最初，在低级别的提供负载吞吐量大约是成正比提供负载，因为网络是利用不足，那么，吞吐量高原价值euqal的瓶颈链路带宽，因为数据包开始接收队列