1. leap是什麼意思
leap的意思是跳躍。
讀音：英［liːp]，美［liːp]。
釋義：
v.跳，跳躍；急速移動，猛沖；突然做（某事）；劇增，猛漲；（車輛）突然移動。
n.飛躍；跳躍，跳高；驟變；劇增；（用於地名）躍過或起跳處。
變形：過去式leaped或leapt，過去分詞leaped或leapt，現在分詞leaping，第三人稱單數leaps，復數leaps。
短語：
by leaps and bounds adv.飛躍地，突飛猛進地。
leap forward躍進；向前跳；快速發展。
leap year閏年。
with a leap (收入等）猛增。
leap的例句
1、His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.
他看見她時，心猛地一跳。
2、The suspect took a leap out of a third-storey window.
那個犯罪嫌疑人從三樓的窗口跳了出去。
3、She took a flying leap and landed on the other side of the stream.
她一個飛躍跳到小溪的對面。
4、This made her leap to the floor.
這使她跳到地板上。
5、The boy cleared the fence in one leap.
男孩一躍跳過了籬笆。
6、With one leap, he perched himself there.
他縱身一跳，坐到了那上面。
2. 急求畢業論文的外文翻譯文獻
The timing of the reform with clubs and countermeasures
Abstract: since the 2003 in China since the reform of rural credit cooperatives, and implementation of various business has achieved great development in China, as in hainan province, the reform has already caused when reform social attention. The author analyzed in hainan financial ecological environment change background, promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan favorable conditions and needs to solve problems, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures.
Keywords: the reform of rural credit cooperatives, and measures
China's rural credit cooperatives reform since 2003, the pilot since the implementation of business development by leaps and bounds, and made great achievements in China, and hainan provinces last for reform of rural credit cooperatives, when entering the substantive reform, has aroused wide attention of the society. The author believes that in the hainan financial ecological environment upheaval circumstance, seized an opportunity to promote hainan province, it is urgent to reform of rural credit cooperatives.
Now, a push the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan favorable conditions
1 the other provinces rural credit cooperatives reform can provide demonstration effect of hainan province. China has 29 provinces implemented the reform of management system of rural credit cooperatives, the figures show that the reform has made some progress. By the end of 2005, the total assets of financial institutions in rural cooperative 37206 billion yuan, one for each loan balances 22008 million yuan at the end of 2002, more than 8070 billion yuan, increasing growth 57.9%. Total liabilities 35553 billion yuan, including the balance 32626 billion yuan (the total financial institutions at the end of 2002), more than 10.8 percent increase 12751 64.2 billion yuan, up. At present, China's rural credit cooperatives has become the first four deposit breakthrough 30,000 billion yuan of financial institutions, the owner's equity has reached billion yuan, the end of 2002 add 1927 billion yuan. More than two years of reform of rural credit cooperatives over 10 consecutive years of losses, to raise capital adequacy ratio of 8%. [1], apparently, in other cities and provinces rural credit cooperatives reform can promote reform of rural credit cooperatives for hainan provide successful experience, such as reforms, increase endowment spread, digestive historical burden, the start-up capital, institutional setup and team building, coordinating the relationship problems can be using the experience of the reforms and brother provinces.
2 new socialist countryside construction to hainan for rural credit cooperatives reform brings opportunities. Construction of new socialist countryside is a major decision, it will make the implementation of rural areas of hainan reproction, great changes. Agricultural intensification and commercialization of hainan province with the increase of agricultural structure adjustment, and raise the level of farmers' income, the rural financial resources will be further expanded. Therefore, the province of rural credit cooperatives, mp only as managing mechanism and perfect, can get used to accelerate the reform of socialist new rural construction, the need to better perform its functions.
3 the reform of rural credit cooperatives in hainan province has certain basis. In September of 2005, hainan's rural credit cooperatives reform officially approved by the state council on pilot provinces, though not enter the stage of reform, but with substantial operation of rural credit cooperatives reform of rural credit cooperatives, hainan province has achieved a preliminary results. Deadline of September 2006, the balance of rural credit cooperatives, 93 million yuan, nearly three years deposits increased 32 million yuan, 52% increase. In loans and record of September, 2006, the loan balances 51 billion yuan, nearly three years accumulative total issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" loan 40 billion yuan. Rural credit environment construction is the key step by step, and the end of September 2006, rural credit cooperatives altogether create credit village 89, the letter, user 3.3 support a large number of agricultural market, effectively help the increase in farmers' income. [2] in hainan province in recent years, rural credit cooperatives are in bad still-decent decreased year, internal system and mechanism and construction team, staff in the intense desire for reform. Above all, public confidence of rural credit cooperatives in hainan province is restored, rural credit cooperatives reform for the internal and external conditions ripe.
4. The state council on the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan preferential policies. Support the reform of rural credit cooperatives basically has two kinds: one kind is the central bank refinancing, another kind is central bank bills. Special Since hainan has suffered a real estate bubble economy of hainan province, the reform of rural credit cooperatives of fund gives good policy reform in hainan province, after can obtain special central bank bills 20 billion yuan of above, to digest historical burden ratings at least 50% above. Therefore, the reform of rural credit cooperatives promote hainan as soon as possible, with the central bank money "blood" support, can melt of hainan province rural credit cooperatives, heavy baggage "blood-refreshing" function, and realize the sustainable development.
Hainan government entities at all levels may have the vigorously support and the greater business space. Hainan province of rural credit cooperatives, after the government management instry will further to arouse the enthusiasm of hainan province, the governments of rural credit cooperatives will further increase the survival and development space. It mainly because: one is the government, enterprises and units will cancel the account deposit in rural credit cooperatives, and arrangement of agriculture in the rural credit cooperatives puts, settlement, Second is the local governments will help a great blow over the non-performing loans, enforcement actions, such as a great party cadres in 2005 the arrears has achieved significant results, Three is preferential access to government priority project quality related rights, Four is the strategic adjustment of state-owned commercial Banks, rural credit cooperatives business expansion. Since 2001, four state-owned commercial Banks from hainan province in under county and district, merging, taking outlets for examination and approval of hainan province, the loan market, rural credit cooperatives rapidly occupation consolidate customer group, enhance competitiveness, provides a more vast development space.
6 hainan financial ecological environment changed greatly. After eight years of efforts, hainan has become relatively high from providing financial stability of financial safety. Since 2005, hainan finance the development situation, main show is: the total financial assets steadily, and constantly improve the quality of financial institutions, improve operation efficiency, financial potential risks are constantly to dissolve, financial factors of instability has got out. All of this province rural credit cooperatives reform to create a favorable external environment.
To sum up, the reform of rural credit cooperatives and hainan has matured, the reform of condition of the obstacle has ceased to exist, it is facing history never had the opportunity of development, therefore, must be from politics to promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province, rural credit cooperatives really be radiant energy.
Second, promote hainan province rural credit cooperatives reform needs to solve the problems
1 good solution to hainan for rural credit cooperatives market orientation. To maintain the sustainable development of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province, must solve the problem of rural credit cooperatives, according to the market situation of hainan province ", "" NongQing" and "society", insist on multiple management policy, give full play to the advantages of services, innovative financial procts and services, and continuously looking for new benefit growth. One is based on agriculture, rural, face ", 2 in the city's insistence foothold community, become small and medium-sized enterprises, indivial and instrial and commercial door for urban residents and analyzes the retail banking.
2 needs good provincial association leadership, problem management responsibilities clear. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives new management system for the provincial association, municipal (county), the credit cooperatives association, three-level management etc. Established before the corporate governance structure, how to choose good executives, with good leadership, management, and thus formed unity accrual ty, coordinated operation, effectively balance and behaviour of the rural credit cooperatives operating mechanism is a worthy of attention and explore the problem to solve. One is the principle of integrity and provincial association with good leadership. Because a good team can make an enterprise back, a incompetent team can take an enterprise to the edge of bankruptcy. So whether equipped with good leadership is hainan provincial association of rural credit cooperatives reform key to success. Two is to perform better management of provincial association, guidance, coordination and service functions, what and how to manage? How to manage grassroots cooperatives and good service, not interfere in its normal business operation, neither over-rides again not vacancy. Three new management system is established, the provincial association management, municipal (county) association, the credit management, how to manage, is concive to the construction of internal control system of rural credit cooperatives, to raise the level of management of rural credit cooperatives, be helpful for the healthy development of rural credit cooperatives.
3 to further strengthen the talented person troop construction. Talent team involves the sustainable and healthy development of rural credit cooperatives of long-term goals. For top executives high-quality and professional personnel of high level and high quality requirements are operating personnel dispatched constantly adapt to the new situation development, strengthening the market competition ability, is the objective need support for rural credit cooperatives, and the future development of key must cause enough attention. Currently, rural credit cooperatives talent shortage of hainan province should establish effective incentive mechanism through downsizing, efficient, and according to the principle of scientific, reasonable and concise, disperse surplus employees and high-quality talents, constantly optimize the structure of system, using a standardized and institutionalized and marketization reform, the development situation of need.
4 to further increase the hainan credit system construction. Further credit construction, increasing credit publicity through various channels, enhance the consciousness of credit and risk awareness, To establish and perfect the system of credit and disciplinary and continue to develop selection in rural and urban areas in the village, credit and credit cooperatives, residents of letter user activities in hainan credit construction, ensure new lending benign circulation.
5. There is a need to further improve the rural credit cooperatives financial service level. One is to increase the credit support. As the rural financial force, rural credit cooperatives should expanding services, enhance the service functions, in the service of traditional "SAN nong" of economic development in agriculture, increasing the agriculture leading enterprise of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the base of support, Two is to adjust the network layout, unity, convenient customer access network identifier, set up the good image, Three is to accelerate the construction of electronic payment, pay a change, service means such problems as old as soon as possible, "family", with the principal of commercial Banks, extended its service network service platform.
Third, accelerate the reform of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province to the main idea
How to promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan? This is the need of hainan province, according to the study of rural credit cooperatives, the other provinces, the author thinks that the experience of the reforms, promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives to hainan take the following measures.
1 a good platform to "take". Build hainan province is the current mode couplet, e to the provincial association, the minimum threshold model in most provinces of implementing this model. This model is the "triple management", "the second business", can good performance of the transferred ring the reform of credit management, guidance, coordination and service, can achieve this area of rural credit cooperatives, self-regulating administration for rural credit cooperatives in hainan new stock cooperative Banks create favorable conditions.
2 the rural credit cooperatives should increase endowment spread as important work. Increase endowment spread the amount of presentation is the key of special central bank bills. In order to do the work, must increase endowment spread by introcing strategic investors. One is the introction of foreign strategic investors, attention, the Netherlands bank of Australia has successively into our bank, the bank of tianjin municipal rural commercial bank of rural credit cooperatives, zhejiang province, rural credit cooperatives will be focused on the shares. Two is to introce large agricultural province of hainan rubber group company, such as group, etc. 3 it is to want to notice, encourage rural farmers by absorbing the non-public enterprises, establish a diversified ownership of shares.
3 must intensify the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan propaganda. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives, will start in the society of great introction. Due to the negative influence of issuing closed, a considerable part of rural credit cooperatives and former clients in conceptual urban credit cooperatives and rural credit cooperatives, understanding fuzzy set distribution outlets, identification and electronic remote behind, staff construction etc, the aging of rural credit cooperatives public image is affected significantly. Therefore, the reform of rural credit cooperatives should work as a propaganda to grasp. By the provincial party committee propaganda department, can consider to WaiXuanBan provincial government financial services office, haikou, hainan branch center pedestrian CBRC), the provincial association of cfna made such propaganda office, unified organization and planning. Through the propaganda, enhance rural credit cooperatives in hainan for the influence on the society, social from all walks of life to hainan for rural credit cooperatives reform of support.
4 to improve quality of credit assets of hainan province rural credit cooperatives. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives, e to start business and increase the capital, enlarging the scale of capital will be expanded rapidly. Therefore, should pay attention to the quality of new loans, to solve the risk control problems, which is the important link of the reform of rural credit cooperatives. Therefore, we must focus on the following two aspects of man and system construction. In personnel at various levels, is a top executives, strengthen the leadership of the construction, Two is to improve the overall quality and staff to effectively solve the low quality and personnel structure unreasonable "bottleneck" problems. In the system, establish business through internal control systems, proceres and standard operation and perfecting post to audit supervision as the core of the internal management system, and formed a "system consummation, the operating mechanism of effective management", effective eliminate operation risk and moral hazard of rural credit cooperatives, management risk prevention and control.
References:
[1] in the cooperation TangShuangNing. Financial supervision and reform work conference speech [J]. China rural credit cooperative, 2006, (3).
[2] of hainan province rural credit cooperatives in the third quarter of 2006 capital operation [R].
3. 英語諺語
經典英語諺語50句
1. Waste not,want not. 儉以防匱。
2. From saving comes having. 富有來自節儉。
3. A penny saved is a penny gained. 省一文是一文。
4. Take care of the pence and the pound will take care of themselves. 金錢積少便成多。
5. Frugality is an estate alone. 節儉本身就是一宗財產。
6. He that regards not a penny,will lavish a pound. 小錢不知節省，大錢將濫花。
7. Small gains bring great wealth. 積小利，成巨富。
8. Many a little makes a mickle. 積少便成多。
9. As the touchstone tries gold,so gold tries man. 試金之石可試金，正如黃金能試人。
10. Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue. 勇敢和堅決是美德的靈魂。
11. The path to glory is always rugged. 光榮之路常坎坷。
12. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. 世上無難事，只要人肯試。
13. The fire is the test of gold;adversity of strong man. 烈火試真金，困苦煉壯士。
14. Great hopes make great man. 遠大的希望造就偉大的人物。
15. No way is impossible to courage. 勇士面前無險路。
16. A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner. 平靜的大海決不能造就出熟練的水手。
17. The good seaman is known in bad weather. 壞天氣下才能識得出良好的海員；要識好海員，須憑壞天氣。
18. The best hearts are always the bravest. 行為最勇敢的人心地總是最善良。
19. We must not lie down,and cry,God help us. 求神不如求己。
20. He that falls today may be up again tomorrow. 今天跌倒的人也許明天就會站起。
21. Rome was not built in a day. 羅馬並非一日可建成；堅持必成。
22. Success belongs to the persevering. 勝利屬於堅忍不拔的人。
23. We must repeat a thousand and one times thatperseverance is the only road to success. 我們要多次重申：不屈不撓是取得勝利的唯一道路。
24. Perseverance is failing nineteen times and succeeding the twentieth. 十九次失敗，到第二十次獲得成功，這就叫堅持。
25. Step by step the ladder is ascended. 登梯需要逐級登。
26. Adversity leads to prosperity. 困苦通向昌盛。
27. Patience and application will carry us through. 忍耐和專心會使我們度過難關。
28. Fortune often rewards with interest those that have patience to wait for her. 做事只要有耐心，到頭總會有好運；耐心候好運，好運常會來。
29. All things will come round to him who will but wait. 只要肯等待，一切都會按時來。
30. Constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水不絕可穿石。
31. Omelets are not made without breaking of eggs. 雞蛋不打破，蛋卷做不成；不甘願吃苦，則預期效果達不到。
32. The world is a ladder for some to go up and others to go down. 世界好似一把梯，有人上去有人下。
33. There needs a long apprenticeship to understand the mystery of the world's trade. 要知世事奧秘多，須要長期作學徒。
34. Life is sweet. 生活是可愛的；人無不好生(惡死)。
35. Where there is life,there is hope. 生命不息，希望長在。
36. Life is not all beer and skittles. 人生並不全是吃喝玩樂。
37. Much water runs by the mill that the miller knows not of. 眼前發生許多事，有些我們並不知。
38. Fortune knocks once at least at every man's door. 人人都有走運的一天。
39. If you are too fortunate,you will not know yourself; if you are too unfortunate,nobody will know you. 運氣太好，見人不睬；運氣太壞，無人理會。
40. Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 每一個人都是自身幸福的建築師。
41. Happy is he who knows his follies in his youth. 記得年輕時所作蠢事的人是幸福的。
42. Misfortunes never (seldom) come alone (single).
禍不單行。
43. Misfortune is a good teacher. 不幸是良好的教師。
44. Misfortunes come at night. 禍常生於不測。
45. Misfortunes tell us what fortune is. 惡運臨頭後，才知幸運貴。
46. Adversity makes a man wise,not rich. 患難能使人聰明，但不能使人富有。
47. Live and learn. 活到老，學到老。
48. It is never too old to learn. 為學不怕年高。
49. A man becomes learned by asking questions. 要長學問，就得多問；多問則業精。
50. There is no royal road to learning. 學問無坦途。
4. 哪有最新的英文原創文章,沒有被翻譯過的
Garden Friends
A garden is home to much more than vegetables and flowers. Gardens provide habitats for many kinds of animals, some of which are the gardeners best friends. In gardens, animals find an ample supply of the things they need: food, water, protection from predators, and nesting sites. In exchange, they enrich the soil, pollinate flowers, and gobble up insect pests.
Earthworms burrow into hard soil, creating channels where water can drain and air can get to the roots of plants. The wastes that earthworms deposit in soil provide nutrients for the plants.
Ladybugs, also called ladybird beetles, eat aphids-small, soft insects that look like tiny grains of rice. Aphids suck the juices from garden plants and kill them.
Lucky is the gardener who provides a home for a toad! In a single growing season, a hungry toad can eat more than 10,000 garden pests. Toads hide in cool, dark places ring the day. They come out at night to hunt.
Many garden plants need butterflies to pollinate them. Butterflies are active ring the day. They have good color vision but a poor sense of smell, so they are attracted to bright (often red), odorless flowers.
Mature bees visit flowers to collect pollen and nectar to eat. In turn, bees do plants a favor. They transfer pollen from one plant to another. If they didn't, many plants couldn't form seeds.
The praying mantis captures and eats many kinds of insects that bother a garden. The mantis looks like a leaf or a stem. While waiting for its dinner to come along, it folds up into a "praying" position, with its legs under its head. Then zap! It leaps and captures its prey.
國外一個網站找的,難得哦,新鮮的,呵呵
5. R語言中的defaults包是干什麼用的
1. 列出包所在庫的路徑
.libPaths()
[1] "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.0.2/library"
2. 安裝包，括弧裡麵包的名稱要加英文引號，在列出的CRAN鏡像站點列表中選擇一個進行下載，我一般選的是China(Hefei)
install.packages()
例如,install.packages("ggplot2")
3. 包的載入library()或require()，安裝完包後，需要載入才能使用其中的函數，此時括弧中不使用引號。兩者的不同之處在於library()載入之後不返回任何信息，而require()載入後則會返回TRUE，因此require()適合用於程序的書寫。
例如
library(ggplto2)
> require(foreign)
Loading required package: foreign
> is.logical(require(foreign))
[1] TRUE
4. 包的更新
update.packages()
5. 包的幫助信息 格式如下，可以查看包中的函數以及說明
help(package="ggplot2")
6. 查看本地的包
6.1 查看默認載入的包，忽略基本的包
getOption("defaultPackages")
> getOption("defaultPackages")
[1] "datasets" "utils" "grDevices" "graphics" "stats" "methods"
[7] "ggplot2"
6.2 查看當前已經載入過的包
(.packages())
[1] "ggplot2" "stats" "graphics" "grDevices" "utils" "datasets" "methods" "base"
6.3 要顯示所有可用的包
(.packages(all.available=TRUE))
> (.packages(all.available=TRUE))
[1] "abind" "agricolae" "aplpack" "base" "bitops"
[6] "boot" "car" "caTools" "class" "cluster"
[11] "codetools" "colorRamps" "colorspace" "compiler" "datasets"
[16] "Defaults" "devtools" "dichromat" "digest" "doBy"
[21] "e1071" "effects" "ellipse" "evaluate" "foreign"
[26] "formatR" "Formula" "gdata" "ggplot2" "ggthemes"
[31] "gmodels" "gplots" "graphics" "grDevices" "grid"
[36] "gtable" "gtools" "highr" "Hmisc" "httr"
[41] "KernSmooth" "knitr" "labeling" "lattice" "latticeExtra"
[46] "leaps" "lme4" "lmtest" "LSD" "manipulate"
[51] "markdown" "MASS" "Matrix" "matrixcalc" "memoise"
[56] "methods" "mgcv" "minqa" "multcomp" "munsell"
[61] "mvtnorm" "nlme" "nnet" "nortest" "parallel"
[66] "pixmap" "plyr" "proto" "psych" "quantmod"
[71] "Rcmdr" "RColorBrewer" "Rcpp" "RcppEigen" "RCurl"
[76] "relimp" "reshape2" "rgl" "rJava" "RODBC"
[81] "rpart" "rstudio" "samplesize" "sandwich" "scales"
[86] "schoolmath" "sciplot" "sem" "spatial" "splines"
[91] "stats" "stats4" "stringr" "survival" "tcltk"
[96] "tcltk2" "TH.data" "tools" "TTR" "utils"
[101] "VennDiagram" "whisker" "XLConnect" "xts" "zoo"
7. 卸載包detach()，這是library()的反向操作，此操作主要是為了避免某些包中的函數名稱相同，造成沖突，注意與library()的參數不同，detach()參數為detach(package:包的名稱),library(包的名稱)。
例如
> library(ggplot2) #載入包
> (.packages()) #列出當前已經載入的包
[1] "ggplot2" "stats" "graphics" "grDevices" "utils" "datasets"
[7] "methods" "base"
> detach(package:ggplot2) # 卸載ggplot2包
> (.packages()) #列出當前已經載入的包
[1] "stats" "graphics" "grDevices" "utils" "datasets" "methods"
[7] "base"
8． 自定義啟動時候的載入包
如果需要長期使用某個包的話，每次開啟都需要輸入library()，比較麻煩，因此可以讓R啟動時自動載入某些包。在R的安裝目錄/etc/Rprofile.site加入下載語句：
例如讓R啟動時自動載入ggplot2包
local({old <- getOption("defaultPackages")
options(defaultPackages = c(old, "ggplot2"))})
9. 在文章中引用R軟體包，例如引用ggplot2包：
citation(package="ggplot2")
To cite ggplot2 in publications, please use:
H. Wickham. ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer New
York, 2009.
A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is
@Book{,
author = {Hadley Wickham},
title = {ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis},
publisher = {Springer New York},
year = {2009},
isbn = {978-0-387-98140-6},
url = {http://had.co.nz/ggplot2/book},
}
6. 電子商務 外文翻譯
Basic concepts
什麼是電子商務呢，說白了就是電子是手段，商務是目的。 What is e-commerce it, saying that white is the Electronics is a means, business is the goal. 電子商務，英文是Electronic Commerce，簡稱EC。 E-commerce, English is the Electronic Commerce, referred to as EC. 電子商務涵蓋 E-commerce covers 的范圍很廣，一般可分為企業對企業(Business-to-Business)，或企業對消費者(Business-to-Customer)兩種。 A wide range, generally can be divided into business to business (Business-to-Business), or business to consumers (Business-to-Customer) two kinds. 另外還有消費者對消費者（Customer-to-Customer)這種大步增長的模式。 There are also consumers of consumers (Customer-to-Customer) such a big growth pattern. 隨著國內Internet使用人數的增加，利用Internet進行網路購物並以銀行卡付款的消費方式已漸流行，市場份額也在迅速增長， 電子商務網站也層出不窮。 With the increase in the number of domestic Internet use, using Internet for online shopping and bank card payment has graally popular consumption patterns, market share is rapidly growing e-commerce sites are endless. 電子商務最常見之安全機制有SSL(安全套接層協議）及SET( 安全電子交易協議 ）兩種。 The most common security mechanism for e-commerce have SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) two kinds.
定義： Definition:
廣義上指使用各種電子工具從事商務或活動。 The broad sense refers to the use of electronic tools for business or activities. 這些工具包括從初級的電報、電話、廣播、電視、傳真到計算機、 計算機網路 ，到NII（國家信息基礎結構－信息高速公路）、GII（全球信息基礎結構）和Internet等現代系統。 These tools range from elementary telegraph, telephone, radio, television, fax, computer, computer network, to the NII (National Information Infrastructure - Information Highway), GII (Global Information Infrastructure) and the Internet and other modern systems. 而商務活動是從泛商品（實物與非實物，商品與非商品化的生產要素等等）的需求活動到泛商品的合理、合法的消費除去典型的生產過程後的所有活動。 The commercial activities are concted from the Pan-goods (physical and non-physical, non-commercialization of goods and factors of proction, etc.) activities to the needs of the Pan-goods, a reasonable, legitimate consumer to remove the typical post-proction process of all activities. 狹義上指利用Internet從事商務或活動。 A narrow sense, refers to the use of Internet for business or activities.
【網路營銷和電子商務】 【Internet marketing and e-commerce】
從時間上來講，電子商務概念的出現要早於網路營銷。 From the time of speaking, e-commerce earlier than the emergence of the concept of network marketing.
電子商務最早產生於上個世紀60年代,90年代得到長足發展。 E-commerce originated in the last century 60's, 90's by leaps and bounds. 電子商務產生和發展的重要條件主要是: 計算機的廣泛應用。 And development of e-commerce, an important condition for mainly the following: extensive use of computers. 而網路營銷是隨著現代科學技術的發展、消費者價值觀的變革與日趨激烈的市場競爭等諸多因素,出現並迅速崛起的，網路營銷發展的最重要條件是：消費者價值觀念的變革。 Along with the network marketing is the development of modern science and technology, consumer values change and the increasingly fierce market competition, and many other factors, emerged and rapidly growing, Internet marketing, the development of the most important conditions are: changes in consumer values.
從字面意義上講，網路營銷概念要比電子商務大。 From the literal sense, the concept of network marketing than the big e-commerce.
電子商務通常是指是在廣泛的商業貿易活動中，在網際網路開放的網路環境下，買賣雙方不相謀面的情況下，實現交易達成的一種新型的商業運營模式，講求的是在網路銷售中獲得商業盈利。 E-commerce generally refers to commercial trade in a wide range of activities, on the Internet an open network environment, buyers and sellers are not known one another for the case of phase to achieve the deal of a new business model, and stress is that in online sales in the access to commercial profit. 網路營銷(cyber marketing),是指藉助聯機網路,電腦通訊和數字互動式媒體來實現的一種營銷方式，講求的是與目標人群的網路互動。 Internet Marketing (cyber marketing), refers to the use of online networks, computer communications and digital interactive media to achieve a kind of marketing, emphasizes that the network of interactions with the target population.
從包含的各個體系來說，網路營銷和電子商務是交叉存在的。 From the various systems contained in it, network marketing and e-commerce is a cross-exist.
電子商務涵蓋的范圍很廣，一般可分為B2B、B2C、 C2C、B2M四類電子商務模式。 Covers a wide range of e-commerce in general can be divided into B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M four categories of e-business models. 其中企業對企業(Business-to-Business)，和企業對消費者(Business-to- Consumer)兩種發展最早，另外還有消費者對消費者（Consumer-to-Consumer)這種大步增長的模式。 Including business to business (Business-to-Business), and business to consumer (Business-to-Consumer) two kinds of the earliest to develop, in addition to consumers for consumers (Consumer-to-Consumer) growth of this step模式. 網路營銷包含網路調研 、 網路廣告 、 網路公關 、整合營銷、seo、sem等內容，每個內容都可以單獨或者整合應用到電子商務中去。 Internet Marketing includes Internet research, online advertising, Internet public relations, integrated marketing, seo, sem and other content, each content can be applied alone or integrated into the e-commerce to go. 同樣電子商務也離不開這些網路營銷手段。 The same e-commerce marketing tool is also inseparable from these networks. 加100分行忙,我盡力了.
7. CCTV家庭影院頻道8月21號晚22.00 外國電影跳躍國界的原名叫什麼
《leaps & bounds》，阿札德的哥哥泰格許了一個大夢：他希望阿札德能在他們的祖國伊拉克，成為一位跳高冠軍，甚至能成為一名世界冠軍。可是在一次轟炸中，這兩個男孩在逃命掩蔽時，泰格變得無法說話，而年少的阿札德現在必須要留意他哥哥的狀況。 決定要讓全家前往一個更安全的地方，男孩們的父母親把他們送出伊拉克。在陰錯陽差之下，男孩們卻困在瑞典。為了留在這個新的國家，阿札德和泰格必須佯裝成在那個非常時期入境瑞典的另一個伊拉克家庭的成員。 這對兄弟在離開祖國和父母的情形下受到歷練，然而像阿札德和泰格這樣胸懷大志的聰明人，在面對跳高技巧的考驗之餘，也了解到應該怎樣成為一個真正的冠軍…
8. 分子和原子,量子各是什麼東西
分子是保持物質化學性質的最小粒子。原子是化學變化中的最小粒子。 分子與原子 都是構成物質的一種粒子，質量和體積都非常小，彼此間有間隔，在不停地運動，都既有種類之分，又有個數之別，都不顯電性。分子總是在不斷的運動。
量子是現代物理的重要概念。最早是由德國物理學家M·普朗克在1900年提出的。他假設黑體輻射中的輻射能量是不連續的，只能取能量基本單位的整數倍，從而很好地解釋了黑體輻射的實驗現象。
後來的研究表明，不但能量表現出這種不連續的分離化性質，其他物理量諸如角動量、自旋、電荷等也都表現出這種不連續的量子化現象。這同以牛頓力學為代表的經典物理有根本的區別。量子化現象主要表現在微觀物理世界。描寫微觀物理世界的物理理論是量子力學。
(8)leaps是什麼網站擴展閱讀：
分子的特性：
1.分子之間有間隔。例如：取50毫升酒精和50毫升水，混合之後，體積小於100毫升。
2.一切構成物質的分子都在永不停息地做無規則的運動。溫度越高，分子擴散越快，固、液、氣中，氣體擴散最快。由於分子的運動跟溫度有關，所以這種運動叫做分子的熱運動。例如：天氣熱時衣服容易曬干。
3.一般分子直徑的數量級為10^-10m。
4.分子很小，但有一定的體積和質量。
5.同種物質的分子性質相同，不同種物質的分子性質不同。
原子的力量很大，其中原子核的能量被釋放之後會有相對的危害。但也有好處，就是我們善於利用的話是可以幫助我們的。其中原子核的放射我們可以讓植物吸收來減少我們的傷害。
但我們通常可以做的是盡量少用有原子能量的東西，這樣可以減少傷害了。要善於觀察和及時了解新的方法才可以更好地預防。
量子物理學是研究微觀粒子運動規律的學科，是研究原子、分子以至原子核和基本粒子的結構和性質的基本理論。
量子理論的突破首先出現在黑體輻射能量密度隨頻率的分布規律上。1900年10月，由於普朗克解釋黑體輻射現象，將維恩定律加以改良，又將玻爾茲曼熵公式重新詮釋，得出了一個與實驗數據完全吻合普朗克公式來描述黑體輻射。
普朗克提出能與觀測結果很好地符合的簡單公式，實驗物理學家相信其中必定蘊藏著一個尚未被揭示出來的科學原理。