國家網路安全事件應急預案
翻譯成英文是：The emergency plan of national network security incident.
相關短語：
emergency plan
應急計劃；應急方案；應急預案
雙語例句：
Equipmentfailure:"Equipment failureemergencyplan".
設備故障：非預見性的設備故障具體按《設備故障應急預案》執行。
B. 網路安全的中文翻譯成英文
The security of network
C. 保險英文
保險是一個漢語詞語，英文是Insurance或insuraunce ，本意是穩妥可靠保障；後延伸成一種保障機制，是用來規劃人生財務的一種工具，是市場經濟條件下風險管理的基本手段，是金融體系和社會保障體系的重要的支柱。
拓展資料：
保險主體
保險主體，就是保險合同的主體，只包括投保人與保險人。被保險人、受益人、保單所有人，除非與投保人是
同一人，否則，都不是保險主體。
投保人，是指與保險人訂立保險合同，並按照保險合同負有支付保險費義務的人。投保人可以是自然人也可以是法人，但必須具有民事行為能力。
保險人，保險人又稱「承保人」，是指與投保人訂立保險合同，並承擔賠償或者給付保險金責任的保險公司。在中國有股份有限公司和國有獨資公司兩種形式。保險人是法人，公民個人不能作為保險人。
被保險人，是指根據保險合同，其財產利益或人身受保險合同保障，在保險事故發生後，享有保險金請求權的人。投保人往往同時就是被保險人。
受益人，是指人身保險合同中由被保險人或者投保人指定的享有保險金請求權的人，投保人、被保險人可以為受益人。如果投保人或被保險人未指定受益人，則他的法定繼承人即為受益人。
保單所有人，擁有保險利益所有權的人，很多時候是投保人、受益人，也可以是保單受讓人。
保險客體
保險客體，即保險合同的客體，並非保險標的本身，而是投保人或被保險人對保險標的（biāodì)的可保利益。
可保利益，是投保人或被保險人對保險標的所具有的法律上承認的利益。這主要是因為保險合同保障的不是保險標的本身的安全，而是保險標的受損後投保人或被保險人、收益人的經濟利益。保險標的只是可保利益的載體。
保險標的
保險標的即保險對象，人身保險的標的是被保險人的身體和生命，而廣義的財產保險是以財產及其有關經濟利益和損害賠償責任為保險標的的保險，其中，財產損失保險的標的是被保險的財產，責任保險的標的是被保險人所要承擔的經濟賠償責任，信用保險的標的是被保險人的信用導致的經濟損失。
保險費率
保險費率是保險費與保險金額的比例，保險費率又被稱為保險價格。通常以每百元或每千元保險金額應繳納的保險費來表示。
保險人使用保險精算來量化風險。保險人通過數據的編制來估算未來損失(預定損失率)，通常採用合理的近似。保險精算使用統計學和概率來擬合並分析風險分布狀態，保險人運用這種科學原理並附加一定條件來釐定保險費率。
這些附加條件包括預定投資收益率、保險單預定利率、預定營業費用和稅金，人壽保險公司的附加條件還主要包括預定死亡率。
保險公司所必須支付的預定利率將會拿來與市場上的借款利率相比較，根據比較，許多保險公司並沒有在預定利率方面勝出，但是他們寧肯將其控制到比從別處借款的利率還要低。如果不這樣，保險公司將不會給所有者的資本以回報，那麼他們將借錢給其他地方以獲得市場價格的投資回報。
保險利益
保險利益是指投保人對保險標的具有的法律上承認的利益。通常投保人會因為保險標的的損害或者喪失而遭受經濟上的損失，因為保險標的的保全而獲得收益。只有當保險利益是法律上認可的，經濟上的，確定的而不是預期的利益時，保險利益才能成立。一般來說，財產保險的保險利益在保險事故發生時存在，這時才能補償損失；人身保險的保險利益必須在訂立保險合同時存在，用來防止道德風險。
以壽險為例，投保人對自身及其配偶具有無限的可保權益，在一些國家地區，投保人與受保人如有血緣關系，也可構成可保權益。另外，債權人對未還清貸款的債務人也具有可保權益。
其成立條件是：保險利益必須是合法的利益，保險利益必須是經濟上有價的利益，保險利益必須是確定的利益，保險利益必須是具有利害關系的利益。
D. 請解釋一下這些保險險種的英文「全稱」是高手的就來挑戰！
WLI: whole life insurance
TR: term insurance 是定期保險的意思，與保險有關的R開頭的詞彙我知道得好像只有risk, retirement, residence, rain, riot, reinsurance. TR是不是保險公司自己的產品簡稱而不是通稱？
我幾乎要放棄了，想問發問者，險種英文名稱基本上是以"insurance"結尾，應該是**I，可是你的縮略語中**R、**D什麼的特別多，是某家公司的產品名吧？可以像第一個和第二個那樣把中文寫出來嗎？
HI: health insurance
SI: sickness insurance
PB: permit bond
只好先放棄了。
E. 高分啊~!急! 關於網路安全的英文翻譯
國際標准化組織(簡寫為ISO)開放互連系統(簡寫為OSI)訪問模型定義了七個層次的通信類型和它們之間的
介面(見圖1). 每一層取決於它下面一層所提供的服務,一直延伸到物理網路硬體,如計算機的網卡、以及
把這些卡連接在一起的線路.
簡單地看這個模型的方法是把它和我們日常使用的東西:電話作比較.為了讓你和我在聽力所及范圍之外交
談，我們需要一個類似電話的裝置.(在ISO/OSI模型,這位於應用層). 電話,只有在它們能把聲音轉換成電
子脈沖聽通過線路來回傳送時才有用.(這種功能是由應用層以下提供). 最後,我們著手物質的連接:兩者
必須嵌入一個出口，它連接到電話系統的網路交換機中的一個轉換器.
如果我給你打電話,我拿起接收器、撥你的號碼.這個號碼指定了哪個中央交換器來發送我的請求,然後,那
個中央轉換器撥通哪個電話.一旦你接電話,我們開始交談,我們的對話已經開始.從概念上說，計算機網路
的功能跟這一模一樣.
你沒有必要背誦ISO/OSI訪問模型的層次;但知道它們的存在並且沒有下面一層提供的服務每一層將無法工
作是有用的.
什麼是一些熱門的網路?
過去25多年來,一批網路和網路協議已被確定和使用.要去看看其中的兩個網路,兩者都是公共網路.任何人
都可以連接到這兩個網路之一，或者他們可以使用各種網路類型把連接自己的主機(計算機)連接到一起，
而無需連接到公共網路.每種類型採取很不相同的方式提供網路服務.
uucp
uucp(UNIX系統至UNIX系統的復制)原是為連接UNIX系統主機研製(驚訝!).uucp從此被轉化成很多不同的體
系結構,包括個人電腦、互助、amigas,蘋果,視頻調制系統等一切你能命名的和甚至有些你不能命名的.此
外,一些系統已經開發了類似於uucp的原理的.
F. 關於網路安全英語短句
1.網路安全的句子帶英文
safe 英[seɪf] 美[sef]
adj. 安全的； 保險的，肯定的； 無損的； 提供保護的；
n. 保險箱，保險櫃； 冷藏箱； 〈俚〉避孕套；
[例句]Officials arrived to assess whether it is safe to bring emergency food supplies into the city
官員們趕來評估向該市調撥緊急救援食品是否安全。
[其他] 比較級：safer 最高級：safest 復數：safes
2.十句關於正確使用網路的英語句子
The computer is one kind of tool, is uses to us, but not plays; The academic society uses the human is a smart person, will only play the human will be the stupid person, you may access the net, to look that the news, the understanding current event, will simultaneously raise itself to study using the network, but plays the game purely, is obtained the more network knowledge oneself. Although the network is a messenger, is also the good teacher and helpful friend who studies, but excessively many surfers can cause the vision to drop, the academic record drops; Serious also has the possibility to create is with one's family broken up and decimated!
電腦是一種工具，是給我們用的，而不是玩的；學會用的人是聰明人，只會玩的人則是愚蠢的人，你可以上網，看新聞、了解時事，同時培養自己利用網路來學習，而不是單純地玩游戲，讓自己獲得更多的網路知識。網路雖是一個通信員，也是學習上的良師益友，但過多的上網會導致視力下降，學習成績下降；嚴重的還有可能造成家破人亡！
3.網路安全的英語作文
Recently, the news that U.S attack on China's Internet is always exposed. And the question of how to stay online safely raises a lot of discussion in our country. As a result, in the era of rapid development of network, we must take measures to protect our security of privacy and property effectively.
最近的新聞都揭示了美國對中國網路的攻擊。如何安全地上網在我國引起了大量的討論。結果是在網路飛速發展的時代，我們必須要採取有效的措施來保護我們的隱私和財產安全。
From my perspective, in the first place, we should call attention to our personal information. Not only do we not offer them at random in some strange websites, but we need to distinguish right from wrong among the numerous websites. Furthermore, it is inevitable that some secure anti-virus soft wares can be installed. And it will make it possible for that network can run more steadily. In addition to doing some work by ourselves, the government needs to draw up some policies to preserve national cyber security. It involves probing for deeply rooted reasons, devising creative solutions, developing high-tech talents and strengthening the supervision.
從我的角度來看，首先，我們應該關注我們的個人信息。我們不僅不隨隨便便在一些奇怪的網站提供自己的信息，而且我們需要在眾多的網站之間明辨是非。此外，安裝一些安全的殺毒軟體是必須的。這使得網路運行更加穩定。除了我們自己該做一些努力之外，還需要政府制定相關政策來保護國家網路安全。這就涉及到探究深層次的原因，想出有創造性的解決方案，發展高新技術人才、加強監管。
Although scientists still cannot overcome the problem completely, they are studying a great deal about how to protect our national cyber security. However, consciousness of cyber security should not decline. Only in this way, we just enjoy the convenience brought by the network.
盡管科學家仍無法完全克服這個問題，但是他們正在研究大量關於如何保護我們國家網路安全的辦法。然而，不應該放鬆網路安全意識。只有這樣我們才能享受到網路帶給我們的便利。
4.有關上網利弊的英語短句 帶翻譯
Internet can be used for learning knowledge and it's richer than any library 網路可以用來 學習知識 並且它比任何一個圖書館里的知識都要豐富
It is a very valuable research tool 網路是個有價值的搜索工具
Another problem of the internet is the amount of pornography on it 另一個問題是網上有很多不健康信息
It allows Humans all over the world to keep in touch通過網路來自不同的地方的人也可以互相交流
the internet can play its part in informing us about what our own governments are doing通過網路我們可以知道我們的政府正在做什麼
What one of your friends tells you might be more reliable than an internet site你的任何一個朋友告訴你的信息有可能比一個網站上的可靠.
internet give people many conveniences互聯網給人帶來許多便利
you can buy goods which you need without going to a supermarket or any shop ,but only by e-shopping你可以不用去商店或者超市就能直接通過電子購物而買到需要的商品
emails is another benefit the internet brings to us,especially for businessmen 電子郵件則是另一個由網際網路帶來的好處，特別是對於工作的人
5.關於上網安全的英語作文70字帶翻譯
7a6431333337623462Along with the time development, accessing the net already turned the extremely universal matter. No matter is alt or the child, so long as mentioning the computer, all think of internet. But, accessing the internet is advantageous ,but also has shortcoming.
I knew very many people access the net, mainly is for playing games, which is very bad for the study. Therefore, some people believed, the elementary and middle school students lack the self-control.
But,there are many people approving to accessing internet, why? Because internet can provide to the people very helps. First, the network looks like a library, we can look up very many materials easily,and it is quicker than the speed of consulting books; Next, we may read a richer news on-line; In addition, accessing the net also has other functions, for example, E-mail, telephoning on the net and so on.
Actually, accessing the net has its profit and the shortcoming place. We use it to open to expand the field of vision, the study knowledge, but must certainly grasp the discretion.
6.和網路有關的英文諺語和格言
Strength alone knows conflict, weakneis below even defeat, and is born vanquished. -- Swetchine
只有強者才懂得斗爭；弱者甚至失敗都不夠資格，而是生來就是被征服的。
The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them. -- Bernara Shaw
在這個世界上取得成就的人，都努力去尋找他們想要的機會，如果找不到機會，他們便自己創造機會。
7.求翻譯~英文摘要~關於網路信息安全的
Since twentieth Century, the rapid development of computer technology, especially the rapid development of Internet technology, has put the whole world even as a whole, so that the social development is inseparable from the information network. It constantly changing economic, social, cultural structure and operation mode, and the transmission of information relating to financial, science ecation, military and other fields, in to the people and the country brings convenient, efficient information sharing at the same time, but also to the security of network information has brought many problems. In today's international competitive situation, the network information security is more and more attention from all over the world. This article from the network information security problems and characteristics, the main techniques of network security, common network attack methods and countermeasures, the construction of network security and other aspects of the present stage of our country network information security problems and restricting factors and how from technology and management and other aspects the construction has the Chinese characteristic information security comprehensive security system, ensure our country network information security.
Key word
The network information security of network attack network ethics network security comprehensive security system
8.10句關於安全的英語諺語
1. nothinask not what your country can do for you ,ask what you can do for your country.
2. in the world is impossible if you set your mind to do it.
3. never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
4. He bites off more than he can chew.
5. To teach a fish how to swim.
6. The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved.
7. Cultured and fine manners are everywhere a passport to regard.
8. What you love on the swings you get back on the roundabouts.
9. No man lives without jostling and being jostled ,in all ways he has to elbow himself through the world giving and receiving offence.
10. Thought is the seed of action.
G. 關於保險的英文意思
PI EE: 養老保險
UI EE: 失業保險
MI EE: 醫療保險
PHF EE: 公積金
H. 急求關於網路保險的英文文獻！！！
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurance
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA
網路保險
Internet Insurance
Network insurance
Net Insurance
保險學 Insurance
http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=uO8F501cxuoC&pg=PA350&lpg=PA350&dq=Net+Insurance&source=web&ots=2KPcc5u3X0&sig=bRLwUXiMe3TPmu-8v1DrVW5G9vg&hl=en
http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=LsbY6WPo41oC&pg=PT323&lpg=PT323&dq=Net+Insurance&source=web&ots=gVkdB3wlNS&sig=pQXWstUk4boO4TcpHZOh4bKJyzY&hl=en
http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=xP5d0OcQDScC&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&dq=Net+Insurance&source=web&ots=dFsvdx1W4f&sig=6tPP8qP_A04ViEF7nN2fP7jtc04&hl=en
Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium. An insurer is a company selling the insurance. The insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount, called the premium, to be charged for a certain amount of insurance coverage. Risk management, the practice of appraising and controlling risk, has evolved as a discrete field of study and practice.
Principles of insurance
A large number of homogeneous exposure units. The vast majority of insurance policies are provided for indivial members of very large classes. Automobile insurance, for example, covered about 175 million automobiles in the United States in 2004.[2] The existence of a large number of homogeneous exposure units allows insurers to benefit from the so-called 「law of large numbers,」 which in effect states that as the number of exposure units increases, the actual results are increasingly likely to become close to expected results. There are exceptions to this criterion. Lloyd's of London is famous for insuring the life or health of actors, actresses and sports figures. Satellite Launch insurance covers events that are infrequent. Large commercial property policies may insure exceptional properties for which there are no 『homogeneous』 exposure units. Despite failing on this criterion, many exposures like these are generally considered to be insurable.
Definite Loss. The event that gives rise to the loss that is subject to insurance should, at least in principle, take place at a known time, in a known place, and from a known cause. The classic example is death of an insured on a life insurance policy. Fire, automobile accidents, and worker injuries may all easily meet this criterion. Other types of losses may only be definite in theory. Occupational disease, for instance, may involve prolonged exposure to injurious conditions where no specific time, place or cause is identifiable. Ideally, the time, place and cause of a loss should be clear enough that a reasonable person, with sufficient information, could objectively verify all three elements.
Accidental Loss. The event that constitutes the trigger of a claim should be fortuitous, or at least outside the control of the beneficiary of the insurance. The loss should be 『pure,』 in the sense that it results from an event for which there is only the opportunity for cost. Events that contain speculative elements, such as ordinary business risks, are generally not considered insurable.
Large Loss. The size of the loss must be meaningful from the perspective of the insured. Insurance premiums need to cover both the expected cost of losses, plus the cost of issuing and administering the policy, adjusting losses, and supplying the capital needed to reasonably assure that the insurer will be able to pay claims. For small losses these latter costs may be several times the size of the expected cost of losses. There is little point in paying such costs unless the protection offered has real value to a buyer.
Affordable Premium. If the likelihood of an insured event is so high, or the cost of the event so large, that the resulting premium is large relative to the amount of protection offered, it is not likely that anyone will buy insurance, even if on offer. Further, as the accounting profession formally recognizes in financial accounting standards, the premium cannot be so large that there is not a reasonable chance of a significant loss to the insurer. If there is no such chance of loss, the transaction may have the form of insurance, but not the substance. (See the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board standard number 113)
Calculable Loss. There are two elements that must be at least estimable, if not formally calculable: the probability of loss, and the attendant cost. Probability of loss is generally an empirical exercise, while cost has more to do with the ability of a reasonable person in possession of a of the insurance policy and a proof of loss associated with a claim presented under that policy to make a reasonably definite and objective evaluation of the amount of the loss recoverable as a result of the claim.
Limited risk of catastrophically large losses. The essential risk is often aggregation. If the same event can cause losses to numerous policyholders of the same insurer, the ability of that insurer to issue policies becomes constrained, not by factors surrounding the indivial characteristics of a given policyholder, but by the factors surrounding the sum of all policyholders so exposed. Typically, insurers prefer to limit their exposure to a loss from a single event to some small portion of their capital base, on the order of 5 percent. Where the loss can be aggregated, or an indivial policy could proce exceptionally large claims, the capital constraint will restrict an insurers appetite for additional policyholders. The classic example is earthquake insurance, where the ability of an underwriter to issue a new policy depends on the number and size of the policies that it has already underwritten. Wind insurance in hurricane zones, particularly along coast lines, is another example of this phenomenon. In extreme cases, the aggregation can affect the entire instry, since the combined capital of insurers and reinsurers can be small compared to the needs of potential policyholders in areas exposed to aggregation risk. In commercial fire insurance it is possible to find single properties whose total exposed value is well in excess of any indivial insurer』s capital constraint. Such properties are generally shared among several insurers, or are insured by a single insurer who syndicates the risk into the reinsurance market.
[edit] Indemnification
Main article: Indemnity
The technical definition of "indemnity" means to make whole again. There are two types of insurance contracts; 1) an "indemnity" policy and 2) a "pay on behalf" or "on behalf of"[3] policy. The difference is significant on paper, but rarely material in practice.
An "indemnity" policy will never pay claims until the insured has paid out of pocket to some third party; i.e. a visitor to your home slips on a floor that you left wet and sues you for $10,000 and wins. Under an "indemnity" policy the homeowner would have to come up with the $10,000 to pay for the visitors fall and then would be "indemnified" by the insurance carrier for the out of pocket costs (the $10,000)[4].
Under the same situation, a "pay on behalf" policy, the insurance carrier would pay the claim and the insured (the homeowner) would not be out of pocket for anything. Most modern liability insurance is written on the basis of "pay on behalf" language[5].
An entity seeking to transfer risk (an indivial, corporation, or association of any type, etc.) becomes the 'insured' party once risk is assumed by an 'insurer', the insuring party, by means of a contract, called an insurance 'policy'. Generally, an insurance contract includes, at a minimum, the following elements: the parties (the insurer, the insured, the beneficiaries), the premium, the period of coverage, the particular loss event covered, the amount of coverage (i.e., the amount to be paid to the insured or beneficiary in the event of a loss), and exclusions (events not covered). An insured is thus said to be "indemnified" against the loss events covered in the policy.
When insured parties experience a loss for a specified peril, the coverage entitles the policyholder to make a 'claim' against the insurer for the covered amount of loss as specified by the policy. The fee paid by the insured to the insurer for assuming the risk is called the 'premium'. Insurance premiums from many insureds are used to fund accounts reserved for later payment of claims—in theory for a relatively few claimants—and for overhead costs. So long as an insurer maintains adequate funds set aside for anticipated losses (i.e., reserves), the remaining margin is an insurer's profit.
[edit] Insurer』s business model
Profit = earned premium + investment income - incurred loss - underwriting expenses.
Insurers make money in two ways: (1) through underwriting, the process by which insurers select the risks to insure and decide how much in premiums to charge for accepting those risks and (2) by investing the premiums they collect from insureds.
The most difficult aspect of the insurance business is the underwriting of policies. Using a wide assortment of data, insurers predict the likelihood that a claim will be made against their policies and price procts accordingly. To this end, insurers use actuarial science to quantify the risks they are willing to assume and the premium they will charge to assume them. Data is analyzed to fairly accurately project the rate of future claims based on a given risk. Actuarial science uses statistics and probability to analyze the risks associated with the range of perils covered, and these scientific principles are used to determine an insurer's overall exposure. Upon termination of a given policy, the amount of premium collected and the investment gains thereon minus the amount paid out in claims is the insurer's underwriting profit on that policy. Of course, from the insurer's perspective, some policies are winners (i.e., the insurer pays out less in claims and expenses than it receives in premiums and investment income) and some are losers (i.e., the insurer pays out more in claims and expenses than it receives in premiums and investment income).
An insurer's underwriting performance is measured in its combined ratio. The loss ratio (incurred losses and loss-adjustment expenses divided by net earned premium) is added to the expense ratio (underwriting expenses divided by net premium written) to determine the company's combined ratio. The combined ratio is a reflection of the company's overall underwriting profitability. A combined ratio of less than 100 percent indicates underwriting profitability, while anything over 100 indicates an underwriting loss.
Insurance companies also earn investment profits on 「float」. 「Float」 or available reserve is the amount of money, at hand at any given moment, that an insurer has collected in insurance premiums but has not been paid out in claims. Insurers start investing insurance premiums as soon as they are collected and continue to earn interest on them until claims are paid out.
In the United States, the underwriting loss of property and casualty insurance companies was $142.3 billion in the five years ending 2003. But overall profit for the same period was $68.4 billion, as the result of float. Some insurance instry insiders, most notably Hank Greenberg, do not believe that it is forever possible to sustain a profit from float without an underwriting profit as well, but this opinion is not universally held. Naturally, the 「float」 method is difficult to carry out in an economically depressed period. Bear markets do cause insurers to shift away from investments and to toughen up their underwriting standards. So a poor economy generally means high insurance premiums. This tendency to swing between profitable and unprofitable periods over time is commonly known as the "underwriting" or insurance cycle. [6]
Property and casualty insurers currently make the most money from their auto insurance line of business. Generally better statistics are available on auto losses and underwriting on this line of business has benefited greatly from advances in computing. Additionally, property losses in the US, e to natural catastrophes, have exacerbated this trend.
Finally, claims and loss handling is the materialized utility of insurance. In managing the claims-handling function, insurers seek to balance the elements of customer satisfaction, administrative handling expenses, and claims overpayment leakages. As part of this balancing act, fraulent insurance practices are a major business risk that must be managed and overcome.
Types of insurance
Any risk that can be quantified can potentially be insured. Specific kinds of risk that may give rise to claims are known as "perils". An insurance policy will set out in detail which perils are covered by the policy and which are not. Below are (non-exhaustive) lists of the many different types of insurance that exist. A single policy may cover risks in one or more of the categories set forth below. For example, auto insurance would typically cover both property risk (covering the risk of theft or damage to the car) and liability risk (covering legal claims from causing an accident). A homeowner's insurance policy in the U.S. typically includes property insurance covering damage to the home and the owner's belongings, liability insurance covering certain legal claims against the owner, and even a small amount of health insurance for medical expenses of guests who are injured on the owner's property.
Business insurance can be any kind of insurance that protects businesses against risks. Some principal subtypes of business insurance are (a) the various kinds of professional liability insurance, also called professional indemnity insurance, which are discussed below under that name; and (b) the business owners policy (BOP), which bundles into one policy many of the kinds of coverage that a business owner needs, in a way analogous to how homeowners insurance bundles the coverages that a homeowner needs.[7]
Health
Health insurance policies will often cover the cost of private medical treatments if the National Health Service in the United Kingdom (NHS) or other publicly-funded health programs do not pay for them. It will often result in quicker health care where better facilities are available. Dental insurance, like medical insurance, is coverage for indivials to protect them against dental costs. In the U.S., dental insurance is often part of an employer's benefits package, along with health insurance. Most countries rely on public funding to ensure that all citizens have universal access to health care.
[edit] Disability
Disability insurance policies provide financial support in the event the policyholder is unable to work because of disabling illness or injury. It provides monthly support to help pay such obligations as mortgages and credit cards.
Total permanent disability insurance insurance provides benefits when a person is permanently disabled and can no longer work in their profession, often taken as an adjunct to life insurance.
Disability overhead insurance allows business owners to cover the overhead expenses of their business while they are unable to work.
Workers' compensation insurance replaces all or part of a worker's wages lost and accompanying medical expense incurred because of a job-related injury.
Casualty
Casualty insurance insures against accidents, not necessarily tied to any specific property.
Crime insurance is a form of casualty insurance that covers the policyholder against losses arising from the criminal acts of third parties. For example, a company can obtain crime insurance to cover losses arising from theft or embezzlement.
Political risk insurance is a form of casualty insurance that can be taken out by businesses with operations in countries in which there is a risk that revolution or other political conditions will result in a loss.
[edit] Life insurance
Main article: Life insurance
Life insurance provides a monetary benefit to a decedent's family or other designated beneficiary, and may specifically provide for income to an insured person's family, burial, funeral and other final expenses. Life insurance policies often allow the option of having the proceeds paid to the beneficiary either in a lump sum cash payment or an annuity.
Annuities provide a stream of payments and are generally classified as insurance because they are issued by insurance companies and regulated as insurance and require the same kinds of actuarial and investment management expertise that life insurance requires. Annuities and pensions that pay a benefit for life are sometimes regarded as insurance against the possibility that a retiree will outlive his or her financial resources. In that sense, they are the complement of life insurance and, from an underwriting perspective, are the mirror image of life insurance.
Certain life insurance contracts accumulate cash values, which may be taken by the insured if the policy is surrendered or which may be borrowed against. Some policies, such as annuities and endowment policies, are financial instruments to accumulate or liquidate wealth when it is needed.
In many countries, such as the U.S. and the UK, the tax law provides that the interest on this cash value is not taxable under certain circumstances. This leads to widespread use of life insurance as a tax-efficient method of saving as well as protection in the event of early death.
In U.S., the tax on interest income on life insurance policies and annuities is generally deferred. However, in some cases the benefit derived from tax deferral may be offset by a low return. This depends upon the insuring company, the type of policy and other variables (mortality, market return, etc.). Moreover, other income tax saving vehicles (e.g., IRAs, 401(k) plans, Roth IRAs) may be better alternatives for value accumulation. A combination of low-cost term life insurance and a higher-return tax-efficient retirement account may achieve better investment return.
Property
Property insurance provides protection against risks to property, such as fire, theft or weather damage. This includes specialized forms of insurance such as fire insurance, flood insurance, earthquake insurance, home insurance, inland marine insurance or boiler insurance.
字數超限了。。。
I. 網路安全的句子帶英文
safe 英[seɪf] 美[sef]
adj. 安全的; 保險的，肯定的; 無損的; 提供保護的;
n. 保險箱，保險櫃; 冷藏箱; 〈俚〉避孕套;
[例句]Officials arrived to assess whether it is safe to bring emergency food supplies into the city
官員們趕來評估向該市調撥緊急救援食品是否安全。
[其他] 比較級：safer 最高級：safest 復數：safes
J. 保險責任的英語翻譯 保險責任用英語怎麼說
保險責任
[詞典] [法] insured liability;
[例句]指保險人根據保險合同的規定，向被保險人支付的賠償保險責任損失的金額。
Is the compensation paid by the insurer to the insurant in accordance with the insurance contract.