① 網路的利與弊英文帶翻譯500字
Pros and Cons of Networking
網路的優缺點
There is a wide variety of networks and their advantages and disadvantages mainly depend on the type of network.
Advantages of Computer Networking
1. Easy Communication and Speed
It is very easy to communicate through a network. People can communicate efficiently using a network with a group of people. They can enjoy the benefit of emails, instant messaging, telephony, video conferencing, chat rooms, etc.
2. Ability to Share Files, Data and Information
This is one of the major advantages of networking computers. People can find and share information and data because of networking. This is beneficial for large organizations to maintain their data in an organized manner and facilitate access for desired people.
3. Sharing Hardware
Another important advantage of networking is the ability to share hardware. For an example, a printer can be shared among the users in a network so that there』s no need to have indivial printers for each and every computer in the company. This will significantly rece the cost of purchasing hardware.
4. Sharing Software
Users can share software within the network easily. Networkable versions of software are available at considerable savings compared to indivially licensed version of the same software. Therefore large companies can rece the cost of buying software by networking their computers.
5. Security
Sensitive files and programs on a network can be password protected. Then those files can only be accessed by the authorized users. This is another important advantage of networking when there are concerns about security issues. Also each and every user has their own set of privileges to prevent them accessing restricted files and programs.
6. Speed
Sharing and transferring files within networks is very rapid, depending on the type of network. This will save time while maintaining the integrity of files.
Disadvantages of Networking
1. Breakdowns and Possible Loss of Resources
One major disadvantage of networking is the breakdown of the whole network e to an issue of the server. Such breakdowns are frequent in networks causing losses of thousands of dollars each year. Therefore once established it is vital to maintain it properly to prevent such disastrous breakdowns. The worst scenario is such breakdowns may lead to loss of important data of the server.
2. Expensive to Build
Building a network is a serious business in many occasions, especially for large scale organizations. Cables and other hardware are very pricey to buy and replace.
3. Security Threats
Security threats are always problems with large networks. There are hackers who are trying to steal valuable data of large companies for their own benefit. So it is necessary to take utmost care to facilitate the required security measures.
4. Bandwidth Issues
In a network there are users who consume a lot more bandwidth than others. Because of this some other people may experience difficulties.
Although there are disadvantages to networking, it is a vital need in today』s environment. People need to access the Internet, communicate and share information and they can』t live without that. Therefore engineers need to find alternatives and improved technologies to overcome issues associated with networking. Therefore we can say that computer networking is always beneficial to have even if there are some drawbacks.
網路的種類繁多，其優勢和劣勢主要取決於網路的類型。
網路的優勢如下：
1 .網路使人容易溝通和快速
通過網路進行交流很容易。人們可以通過與一群人的網路進行有效的交流。他們可以享受電子郵件、即時通訊、電話、視頻會議、聊天室等的好處。
3 .可共享硬體
聯網的另一個重要優勢是共享硬體的能力。例如，一個列印機可以在一個網路中的用戶之間共享，這樣就不必為公司中的每一台計算機都有單獨的列印機。這將大大降低采購硬體的成本。
4。共享軟體
用戶可以輕松地在網路中共享軟體。與同一軟體的單獨授權版本相比，軟體的可聯網版本在相當大的節省下可用。因此，大公司可以通過聯網電腦來降低購買軟體的成本。
5。安全
網路上敏感的文件和程序可以被密碼保護。然後，這些文件只能被授權用戶訪問。當人們對安全問題感到擔憂時，這是網路的另一個重要優勢。此外，每個用戶都有自己的許可權集，以防止他們訪問受限制的文件和程序。
6。速度
網路中共享和傳輸文件的速度非常快，這取決於網路的類型。這將節省時間，同時保持文件的完整性。
網路的缺點
1 .工作故障和可能的資源損失
由於伺服器的問題，網路的一個主要缺點是整個網路的崩潰。這種故障在網路中經常造成每年數千美元的損失。因此，一旦建立起來，就必須正確地維護它，以防止這種災難性的崩潰。最糟糕的情況是這樣的故障會導致伺服器的重要數據丟失。
2。昂貴的建造
在很多情況下，建立一個網路是一項嚴肅的業務，特別是對於大型組織來說。電纜和其他硬體的購買和更換非常昂貴。
3 .項目安全威脅
安全威脅一直是大型網路的問題。有黑客試圖竊取大公司的有價值的數據，以獲取他們自己的利益。因此，有必要採取最大的措施，以方便採取必要的安全措施。
4。帶寬問題
在網路中，用戶比其他人消耗更多的帶寬。因為其他一些人可能會遇到困難。
雖然網路也有缺點，但在當今的環境中，這是一個至關重要的需求。人們需要訪問互聯網，交流和共享信息，沒有這些信息他們就無法生活。因此，工程師需要找到替代和改進的技術來克服與網路相關的問題。因此，我們可以說，即使有一些缺點，計算機網路也總是有益的。
② 將下列中文文章翻譯成英文! 急需 謝謝.
The 20th century, communication technologies on human society, one of the enormous impact that the use of communications technology to link many computers together to form the Internet, that is the Internet. The emergence of the Internet completely changed our living space. Speaking of the Internet, it is following the telegraph, telephone, radio, computer, after a great invention, the world's computers linked via the Internet, to communicate or share information resources. Wireless phones with the Internet is the main communication tool for the entire planet.Internet (Internet) is the world's largest computer network. Its formation so that the computer can not only process information, and access to information and transmit information, the rapid development of global political, economic, cultural and other fields have far-reaching impact. Currently the Internet is considered to be global "information superhighway" or the predecessor of the prototype.
Internet translated into Chinese, has translated into the Internet, the international network, the Internet, where the name using the Internet. Internet source is the United States, and trace the origin of U.S. Internet is available from the Soviet Union in 1957, the first to launch a rocket man-made earth satellite Spunik First One begins, then the head of the Soviet Union ahead of the U.S. launch of Sputnik, the U.S. government greatly stimulate the comprehensive review of national science and technology policy and ecation in order to catch up.U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower was decided to establish an institution for the development of science and technology, called ARPA (Advanced Research projects Agency), is funding the establishment of this institution was the first of the Internet, it is called APRANET.
Development of the Internet into a large global network, was originally used in the exchange of scientific information between the universities, but then they are more interested in its e-mail features (E-mail). That is, we are more interested in using the Internet to send a variety of information, including personal information. Back in the Internet can only send text messages when people have access to the Internet use it to discuss a variety of problems, and now has become an important operating system, that is, at that time scattered all over the world by a computer programmer, via the Internet to discuss and hand over their research results, and will graally form a complete operating system.
Proced later in the Internet World Wide Web with multimedia features (WWW), originally the purpose is to make nuclear physicists around the world to share the European Institute for Particle Physics (CERN) of data. The results of the World Wide Web are most interested in the ordinary Internet users, but this time more powerful personal computers, cheap, already has multimedia capabilities, that the conditions we have used the World Wide Web. Therefore, more and more users of the World Wide Web, allowing users to time by way of telephone lines connected to the Internet.
The method used by the Internet easy to use, quickly find the information needed, and as we all used to the method used by the Internet, so now also used within the enterprise network to Internet, it is called Intranet (Intranet).
Internet in the development of distance ecation, interpersonal communication and computer development has played a huge role, multimedia and network and to achieve "interactive" communication, and thus lead to a new media revolution. The emergence of the Internet has also led to a lot of new things, such as online marriage, online shopping, online universities.
③ 一段英語翻譯(計算機網路）
有許多例子，說明超載原因congestion.For例如，一個可能的方式，以實現高吞吐量的網路可能是使所有的數據包的來源，他們可以快速，以便瓶頸網路連接運行在接近100 ％的利用率。雖然這似乎是合理的，有點想表明，這種做法是自我完成defeating.All真的是長期排隊的現象和由此產生的數據包的端到端延遲，並增加丟包率，這對一個可靠的端到端的解決方案，結束傳輸層將導致大量的retransmissions.This因此十分錯誤的做法取得良好的網路throughput.this的例子也表明了基本實現高之間的緊張關系聯系起來的利用一方面（由數據傳輸快速） ，以及低利率的延誤和損失的其他（增加如果數據傳送速度過快） 。
這一概念的提出如何增加負荷，以實現高利用率不符合包損失和延誤的說明圖2.This數字顯示原理鑒於吞吐量作為一個功能提供負載網路。最初，在低級別的提供負載吞吐量大約是成正比提供負載，因為網路是利用不足，那麼，吞吐量高原價值euqal的瓶頸鏈路帶寬，因為數據包開始接收隊列